ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 100 BEST MCQS| NEET

 

MCQ ON ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS FOR PRACTICE FOR NEET WHICH WILL HELP YOU IN YOUR NEET PREPARATION

 

ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

here are 100 multiple-choice questions on the anatomy of flowering plants:

 

1. Which tissue in a plant is responsible for providing mechanical support?
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Collenchyma
d. Parenchyma
*Answer: c. Collenchyma*
Explanation: Collenchyma tissue provides mechanical support to young plant parts due to its thickened cell walls.

2. The outermost layer of cells in a plant root is known as:
a. Cortex
b. Epidermis
c. Endodermis
d. Pericycle
*Answer: b. Epidermis*
Explanation: The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells in roots, stems, and leaves, providing protection to the plant.

3. The main function of the root cap is:
a. Absorption
b. Photosynthesis
c. Protection
d. Anchorage
*Answer: c. Protection*
Explanation: The root cap protects the delicate growing tip of the root as it pushes through the soil.

4. What is the primary function of the root hairs?
a. Anchoring the plant
b. Absorption of water and minerals
c. Photosynthesis
d. Providing mechanical support
*Answer: b. Absorption of water and minerals*
Explanation: Root hairs greatly increase the surface area of the root for absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

5. The Casparian strip is found in which part of the plant?
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Epidermis of roots
d. Cortex
*Answer: c. Epidermis of roots*
Explanation: The Casparian strip is a waterproof barrier found in the endodermis of roots, controlling the movement of substances into the vascular system.

6. Which of the following tissues transports water and minerals from roots to shoots?
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Collenchyma
d. Parenchyma
*Answer: a. Xylem*
Explanation: Xylem tissue primarily transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.

7. The conducting cells of xylem are:
a. Sieve tubes
b. Companion cells
c. Tracheids and vessel elements
d. Parenchyma cells
*Answer: c. Tracheids and vessel elements*
Explanation: Tracheids and vessel elements are specialized cells within xylem responsible for water transport.

8. Which of the following is NOT a function of the stem?
a. Support
b. Storage
c. Photosynthesis
d. Transportation
*Answer: c. Photosynthesis*
Explanation: While some stems can photosynthesize, it is not a primary function of stems. Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis.

9. The outermost layer of cells in a plant stem is known as:
a. Epidermis
b. Cortex
c. Endodermis
d. Pericycle
*Answer: a. Epidermis*
Explanation: The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells in stems, providing protection to the plant.

10. The vascular bundles in dicot stems are:
a. Scattered
b. Arranged in a ring
c. Collateral
d. None of the above
*Answer: b. Arranged in a ring*
Explanation: In dicot stems, vascular bundles are arranged in a ring around the outer edge of the stem.

11. Which tissue in plants is responsible for lateral growth?
a. Epidermis
b. Ground tissue
c. Meristematic tissue
d. Vascular tissue
*Answer: c. Meristematic tissue*
Explanation: Meristematic tissue is responsible for cell division and growth, including lateral growth in stems and roots.

12. The primary function of stomata is:
a. Gas exchange
b. Transpiration
c. Photosynthesis
d. Water absorption
*Answer: a. Gas exchange*
Explanation: Stomata are tiny pores on the surface of leaves that regulate gas exchange, allowing for the uptake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen.

13. The waxy layer that covers the aerial parts of a plant and helps reduce water loss is called:
a. Epidermis
b. Stomata
c. Cuticle
d. Periderm
*Answer: c. Cuticle*
Explanation: The cuticle is a waxy layer covering the aerial parts of plants, helping to prevent water loss.

14. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of leaves?
a. Photosynthesis
b. Transpiration
c. Storage
d. Gas exchange
*Answer: c. Storage*
Explanation: While leaves may store some substances, such as starch, their primary functions are photosynthesis, transpiration, and gas exchange.

15. The tissue responsible for the opening and closing of stomata is:
a. Epidermis
b. Guard cells
c. Spongy mesophyll
d. Palisade mesophyll
*Answer: b. Guard cells*
Explanation: Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata in response to environmental conditions.

16. Which of the following is NOT a function of flowers?
a. Reproduction
b. Photosynthesis
c. Pollination
d. Seed production
*Answer: b. Photosynthesis*
Explanation: While some parts of the plant may photosynthesize, the primary function of flowers is reproduction through pollination and seed production.

17. The male reproductive organ of a flower is called:
a. Stigma
b. Style
c. Pistil
d. Stamen
*Answer: d. Stamen*
Explanation: The stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the anther and filament.

18. The female reproductive organ of a flower is called:
a. Anther
b. Filament
c. Ovary
d. Stigma
*Answer: c. Ovary*
Explanation: The ovary is the female reproductive organ of a flower, containing ovules which develop into seeds after fertilization.

19. The fusion of pollen grains with the stigma of a flower is known as:
a. Fertilization
b. Pollination
c. Germination
d. Photosynthesis
*Answer: b. Pollination*
Explanation: Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower.

20. The part of the seed that develops into the shoot system of a plant is the:
a. Cotyledon
b. Embryo
c. Radicle
d. Plumule
*Answer: d. Plumule*
Explanation: The plumule is the embryonic shoot of a plant seed, which develops into the shoot system upon germination.

21. The protective covering of

a seed is called the:
a. Cotyledon
b. Seed coat
c. Embryo
d. Endosperm
*Answer: b. Seed coat*
Explanation: The seed coat is the outer protective covering of a seed, providing protection to the embryo within.

22. Which of the following is NOT a type of simple fruit?
a. Berry
b. Drupe
c. Aggregate
d. Samara
*Answer: d. Samara*
Explanation: A samara is a type of winged fruit, not a type of simple fruit. It is characteristic of plants like maple trees.

23. The edible part of an apple fruit is derived from the:
a. Ovary
b. Receptacle
c. Sepal
d. Stigma
*Answer: b. Receptacle*
Explanation: The edible part of an apple fruit is derived from the receptacle, not the ovary.

24. In plants, the process of senescence refers to:
a. Growth of new tissues
b. Ripening of fruits
c. Aging and death of tissues
d. Production of seeds
*Answer: c. Aging and death of tissues*
Explanation: Senescence is the process of aging and death of tissues in plants, leading to the eventual death of the plant or specific parts of the plant.

25. The vascular tissue responsible for the lateral transport of organic nutrients throughout the plant is:
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Cambium
d. Collenchyma
*Answer: b. Phloem*
Explanation: Phloem tissue is responsible for transporting organic nutrients, such as sugars, from sources (like leaves) to sinks (such as roots or developing fruits).

26. Which of the following is a function of the cambium?
a. Water transport
b. Food storage
c. Lateral growth
d. Gas exchange
*Answer: c. Lateral growth*
Explanation: The cambium is a meristematic tissue responsible for the lateral growth of stems and roots, increasing their diameter.

27. The cells responsible for secondary growth in plants are located in the:
a. Epidermis
b. Cortex
c. Cambium
d. Endodermis
*Answer: c. Cambium*
Explanation: The cambium is responsible for secondary growth in plants, adding layers of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) to stems and roots.

28. The tissue that covers the outer surface of woody stems and roots, providing protection, is called:
a. Cork cambium
b. Vascular cambium
c. Epidermis
d. Periderm
*Answer: d. Periderm*
Explanation: Periderm is a protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in older stems and roots, providing protection against water loss and physical damage.

29. The annual rings seen in cross-sections of tree trunks are formed by differences in:
a. Cell size
b. Cell shape
c. Cell color
d. Cell density
*Answer: a. Cell size*
Explanation: Annual rings in tree trunks are formed by differences in cell size between earlywood (larger cells) and latewood (smaller cells), which reflect seasonal growth patterns.

30. The tissue responsible for the healing of wounds in plants is:
a. Parenchyma
b. Collenchyma
c. Sclerenchyma
d. Cork cambium
*Answer: d. Cork cambium*
Explanation: Cork cambium is a meristematic tissue responsible for producing cork cells, which heal wounds in the bark of woody stems and roots.

31. Which of the following is NOT a type of plant cell?
a. Parenchyma
b. Sclerenchyma
c. Vascular
d. Collenchyma
*Answer: c. Vascular*
Explanation: Vascular tissue includes xylem and phloem, which are composed of various types of specialized cells, but “vascular” itself is not a type of plant cell.

32. The primary function of companion cells in phloem tissue is:
a. Water transport
b. Sugar transport
c. Mechanical support
d. Gas exchange
*Answer: b. Sugar transport*
Explanation: Companion cells are closely associated with sieve tube elements in phloem tissue and are responsible for loading sugars into sieve tubes for transport throughout the plant.

33. Which of the following is NOT a function of roots in plants?
a. Anchorage
b. Photosynthesis
c. Absorption of water and minerals
d. Storage of nutrients
*Answer: b. Photosynthesis*
Explanation: Roots are primarily responsible for anchorage, absorption of water and minerals, and storage of nutrients, while photosynthesis mainly occurs in leaves.

34. The spongy mesophyll is primarily involved in:
a. Gas exchange
b. Water absorption
c. Mechanical support
d. Sugar transport
*Answer: a. Gas exchange*
Explanation: Spongy mesophyll cells are loosely arranged in leaves and are involved in gas exchange, allowing for the diffusion of gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen.

35. The arrangement of leaves on a stem is referred to as:
a. Phyllotaxy
b. Transpiration
c. Photosynthesis
d. Senescence
*Answer: a. Phyllotaxy*
Explanation: Phyllotaxy refers to the arrangement of leaves on a stem, which can vary in patterns such as alternate, opposite, or whorled.

36. Which of the following is a function of the pericycle?
a. Protection
b. Gas exchange
c. Lateral root formation
d. Water absorption
*Answer: c. Lateral root formation*
Explanation: The pericycle is a tissue in plant roots that gives rise to lateral roots, contributing to root branching and absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.

37. The apical meristem is responsible for:
a. Lateral growth
b. Primary growth
c. Secondary growth
d. Production of flowers
*Answer: b. Primary growth*
Explanation: The apical meristem is a type of meristematic tissue responsible for primary growth, which leads to an increase in length of stems and roots.

38. The layer of cells in the root that regulates the entry of water and minerals into the vascular cylinder is the:
a. Epidermis
b. Cortex
c. Endodermis
d. Pericycle
*Answer: c. Endodermis*
Explanation: The endodermis is a specialized layer of cells in the root cortex that regulates the passage of water and minerals into the vascular cylinder via the Casparian strip.

39. The primary function of the stomata in leaves is:
a. Gas exchange
b. Water absorption
c. Protection
d.

Mechanical support
*Answer: a. Gas exchange*
Explanation: Stomata are tiny pores in the leaf epidermis that regulate gas exchange, allowing for the uptake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen during photosynthesis.

40. Which tissue in plants is responsible for the storage of starch?
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Parenchyma
d. Collenchyma
*Answer: c. Parenchyma*
Explanation: Parenchyma cells are involved in various functions, including storage of starch, water, and other substances in roots, stems, and leaves.

41. The main function of trichomes on the epidermis of leaves is:
a. Gas exchange
b. Absorption of water
c. Protection against herbivores and excessive transpiration
d. Photosynthesis
*Answer: c. Protection against herbivores and excessive transpiration*
Explanation: Trichomes are hair-like structures on the epidermis of leaves that provide protection against herbivores and reduce excessive transpiration by creating a boundary layer of still air.

42. The tissues of a plant that are responsible for bending movements in response to stimuli are:
a. Collenchyma
b. Parenchyma
c. Sclerenchyma
d. Turgor-driven tissues
*Answer: d. Turgor-driven tissues*
Explanation: Turgor-driven tissues, such as parenchyma cells, are involved in bending movements in response to stimuli like light or touch, due to changes in water pressure within the cells.

43. Which of the following is NOT a type of modified stem?
a. Rhizome
b. Bulb
c. Tendril
d. Pistil
*Answer: d. Pistil*
Explanation: The pistil is a female reproductive structure found in flowers, not a type of modified stem. Rhizomes, bulbs, and tendrils are examples of modified stems.

44. The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called:
a. Fertilization
b. Germination
c. Pollination
d. Ovulation
*Answer: c. Pollination*
Explanation: Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower, which can be carried out by various agents such as wind, water, insects, or animals.

45. Which of the following is a function of the vascular cambium?
a. Protection
b. Sugar transport
c. Lateral growth
d. Water absorption
*Answer: c. Lateral growth*
Explanation: The vascular cambium is responsible for lateral growth in stems and roots, adding layers of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and increasing the diameter of the plant.

46. The outermost layer of cells in a leaf is known as the:
a. Epidermis
b. Mesophyll
c. Stomata
d. Cuticle
*Answer: a. Epidermis*
Explanation: The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells in leaves, providing protection to the leaf.

47. The vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars and other organic nutrients throughout the plant is:
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Cambium
d. Collenchyma
*Answer: b. Phloem*
Explanation: Phloem tissue is responsible for transporting sugars and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

48. The vascular bundles in monocot stems are:
a. Scattered
b. Arranged in a ring
c. Collateral
d. None of the above
*Answer: a. Scattered*
Explanation: In monocot stems, vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.

49. Which of the following is NOT a function of the stem?
a. Support
b. Photosynthesis
c. Transportation
d. Storage
*Answer: b. Photosynthesis*
Explanation: While some stems may photosynthesize, especially in succulent plants, it is not a primary function of stems. Leaves are the main site of photosynthesis.

50. The tissue responsible for the elongation of stems and roots is:
a. Epidermis
b. Ground tissue
c. Meristematic tissue
d. Vascular tissue
*Answer: c. Meristematic tissue*
Explanation: Meristematic tissue is responsible for cell division and growth, including elongation of stems and roots.

51. Which of the following is NOT a function of leaves?
a. Gas exchange
b. Photosynthesis
c. Support
d. Transpiration
*Answer: c. Support*
Explanation: While leaves provide some structural support to the plant, it is not a primary function. Gas exchange, photosynthesis, and transpiration are more crucial functions.

52. The tissue responsible for the opening and closing of stomata is:
a. Epidermis
b. Guard cells
c. Spongy mesophyll
d. Palisade mesophyll
*Answer: b. Guard cells*
Explanation: Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata in response to environmental conditions.

53. Which of the following is NOT a function of flowers?
a. Gas exchange
b. Reproduction
c. Pollination
d. Seed production
*Answer: a. Gas exchange*
Explanation: While flowers facilitate pollination and seed production, gas exchange primarily occurs through stomata in leaves.

54. The male reproductive organ of a flower is called:
a. Stigma
b. Style
c. Pistil
d. Stamen
*Answer: d. Stamen*
Explanation: The stamen consists of the anther and filament and is responsible for producing pollen.

55. The female reproductive organ of a flower is called:
a. Anther
b. Filament
c. Ovary
d. Stigma
*Answer: c. Ovary*
Explanation: The ovary contains ovules, which develop into seeds upon fertilization, making it the female reproductive organ of the flower.

56. The fusion of pollen grains with the stigma of a flower is known as:
a. Fertilization
b. Pollination
c. Germination
d. Photosynthesis
*Answer: b. Pollination*
Explanation: Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower, facilitating fertilization.

57. The part of the seed that develops into the root system of a plant is the:
a. Cotyledon
b. Embryo
c. Radicle
d. Plumule
*Answer: c. Radicle*
Explanation: The radicle is the embryonic root of a plant seed, which develops into the root system upon germination.

58. The protective covering of a seed is called the:
a. Cotyledon
b. Seed coat
c. Embryo

d. Endosperm
*Answer: b. Seed coat*
Explanation: The seed coat is the outer protective covering of a seed, providing protection to the embryo within.

59. Which of the following is NOT a type of simple fruit?
a. Berry
b. Drupe
c. Aggregate
d. Samara
*Answer: d. Samara*
Explanation: A samara is a type of winged fruit, while berries, drupes, and aggregates are examples of simple fruits.

60. The edible part of a strawberry fruit is derived from the:
a. Ovary
b. Receptacle
c. Sepal
d. Stigma
*Answer: b. Receptacle*
Explanation: The fleshy part of a strawberry fruit develops from the receptacle, not the ovary.

61. In plants, the process of senescence refers to:
a. Growth of new tissues
b. Ripening of fruits
c. Aging and death of tissues
d. Production of seeds
*Answer: c. Aging and death of tissues*
Explanation: Senescence is the process of aging and eventual death of tissues in plants.

62. The vascular tissue responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to shoots is:
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Cambium
d. Collenchyma
*Answer: a. Xylem*
Explanation: Xylem tissue primarily transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.

63. Which of the following is a function of the cambium?
a. Water transport
b. Food storage
c. Lateral growth
d. Gas exchange
*Answer: c. Lateral growth*
Explanation: The cambium is responsible for lateral growth in stems and roots, adding layers of vascular tissue and increasing plant diameter.

64. The cells responsible for secondary growth in plants are located in the:
a. Epidermis
b. Cortex
c. Cambium
d. Endodermis
*Answer: c. Cambium*
Explanation: The cambium is a layer of meristematic tissue responsible for secondary growth in plants.

65. The tissue that covers the outer surface of woody stems and roots, providing protection, is called:
a. Cork cambium
b. Vascular cambium
c. Epidermis
d. Periderm
*Answer: d. Periderm*
Explanation: Periderm is a protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in older stems and roots, providing protection against water loss and physical damage.

66. The annual rings seen in cross-sections of tree trunks are formed by differences in:
a. Cell size
b. Cell shape
c. Cell color
d. Cell density
*Answer: a. Cell size*
Explanation: Annual rings in tree trunks are formed by differences in cell size between earlywood (larger cells) and latewood (smaller cells), reflecting seasonal growth patterns.

67. The tissue responsible for the healing of wounds in plants is:
a. Parenchyma
b. Collenchyma
c. Sclerenchyma
d. Cork cambium
*Answer: d. Cork cambium*
Explanation: Cork cambium produces cork cells, which heal wounds in the bark of woody stems and roots.

68. Which of the following is NOT a type of plant cell?
a. Parenchyma
b. Sclerenchyma
c. Vascular
d. Collenchyma
*Answer: c. Vascular*
Explanation: Vascular tissue includes xylem and phloem, which are composed of various types of specialized cells, but “vascular” itself is not a type of plant cell.

69. The primary function of companion cells in phloem tissue is:
a. Water transport
b. Sugar transport
c. Mechanical support
d. Gas exchange
*Answer: b. Sugar transport*
Explanation: Companion cells are closely associated with sieve tube elements in phloem tissue and are responsible for loading sugars into sieve tubes for transport throughout the plant.

70. Which of the following is NOT a function of roots in plants?
a. Anchorage
b. Photosynthesis
c. Absorption of water and minerals
d. Storage of nutrients
*Answer: b. Photosynthesis*
Explanation: Roots are primarily responsible for anchorage, absorption of water and minerals, and storage of nutrients, while photosynthesis mainly occurs in leaves.

71. The spongy mesophyll is primarily involved in:
a. Gas exchange
b. Water absorption
c. Mechanical support
d. Sugar transport
*Answer: a. Gas exchange*
Explanation: Spongy mesophyll cells are loosely arranged in leaves and are involved in gas exchange, allowing for the diffusion of gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen.

72. The arrangement of leaves on a stem is referred to as:
a. Phyllotaxy
b. Transpiration
c. Photosynthesis
d. Senescence
*Answer: a. Phyllotaxy*
Explanation: Phyllotaxy refers to the arrangement of leaves on a stem, which can vary in patterns such as alternate, opposite, or whorled.

73. Which of the following is a function of the pericycle?
a. Protection
b. Gas exchange
c. Lateral root formation
d. Water absorption
*Answer: c. Lateral root formation*
Explanation: The pericycle is a tissue in plant roots that gives rise to lateral roots, contributing to root branching and absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.

74. The apical meristem is responsible for:
a. Lateral growth
b. Primary growth
c. Secondary growth
d. Production of flowers
*Answer: b. Primary growth*
Explanation: The apical meristem is a type of meristematic tissue responsible for primary growth, which leads to an increase in length of stems and roots.

75. The layer of cells in the root that regulates the entry of water and minerals into the vascular cylinder is the:
a. Epidermis
b. Cortex
c. Endodermis
d. Pericycle
*Answer: c. Endodermis*
Explanation: The endodermis is a specialized layer of cells in the root cortex that regulates the passage of water and minerals into the vascular cylinder via the Casparian strip.

76. The primary function of the stomata in leaves is:
a. Gas exchange
b. Water absorption
c. Protection
d. Mechanical support
*Answer: a. Gas exchange*
Explanation: Stomata are tiny pores in the leaf epidermis that regulate gas exchange, allowing for the uptake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen during photosynthesis.

77. Which tissue in plants is responsible for the storage of starch?
a. Xylem

b. Phloem
c. Parenchyma
d. Collenchyma
*Answer: c. Parenchyma*
Explanation: Parenchyma cells are involved in various functions, including storage of starch, water, and other substances in roots, stems, and leaves.

78. The main function of trichomes on the epidermis of leaves is:
a. Gas exchange
b. Absorption of water
c. Protection against herbivores and excessive transpiration
d. Photosynthesis
*Answer: c. Protection against herbivores and excessive transpiration*
Explanation: Trichomes are hair-like structures on the epidermis of leaves that provide protection against herbivores and reduce excessive transpiration by creating a boundary layer of still air.

79. The tissues of a plant that are responsible for bending movements in response to stimuli are:
a. Collenchyma
b. Parenchyma
c. Sclerenchyma
d. Turgor-driven tissues
*Answer: d. Turgor-driven tissues*
Explanation: Turgor-driven tissues, such as parenchyma cells, are involved in bending movements in response to stimuli like light or touch, due to changes in water pressure within the cells.

80. Which of the following is NOT a type of modified stem?
a. Rhizome
b. Bulb
c. Tendril
d. Pistil
*Answer: d. Pistil*
Explanation: The pistil is a female reproductive structure found in flowers, not a type of modified stem. Rhizomes, bulbs, and tendrils are examples of modified stems.

81. The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called:
a. Fertilization
b. Germination
c. Pollination
d. Ovulation
*Answer: c. Pollination*
Explanation: Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower, which can be carried out by various agents such as wind, water, insects, or animals.

82. Which of the following is a function of the vascular cambium?
a. Protection
b. Sugar transport
c. Lateral growth
d. Water absorption
*Answer: c. Lateral growth*
Explanation: The vascular cambium is responsible for lateral growth in stems and roots, adding layers of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and increasing the diameter of the plant.

83. The outermost layer of cells in a leaf is known as the:
a. Epidermis
b. Mesophyll
c. Stomata
d. Cuticle
*Answer: a. Epidermis*
Explanation: The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells in leaves, providing protection to the leaf.

84. The vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars and other organic nutrients throughout the plant is:
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Cambium
d. Collenchyma
*Answer: b. Phloem*
Explanation: Phloem tissue is responsible for transporting sugars and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

85. The vascular bundles in monocot stems are:
a. Scattered
b. Arranged in a ring
c. Collateral
d. None of the above
*Answer: a. Scattered*
Explanation: In monocot stems, vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.

86. Which of the following is NOT a function of the stem?
a. Support
b. Photosynthesis
c. Transportation
d. Storage
*Answer: b. Photosynthesis*
Explanation: While some stems may photosynthesize, especially in succulent plants, it is not a primary function of stems. Leaves are the main site of photosynthesis.

87. The tissue responsible for the elongation of stems and roots is:
a. Epidermis
b. Ground tissue
c. Meristematic tissue
d. Vascular tissue
*Answer: c. Meristematic tissue*
Explanation: Meristematic tissue is responsible for cell division and growth, including elongation of stems and roots.

88. Which of the following is NOT a function of leaves?
a. Gas exchange
b. Photosynthesis
c. Support
d. Transpiration
*Answer: c. Support*
Explanation: While leaves provide some structural support to the plant, it is not a primary function. Gas exchange, photosynthesis, and transpiration are more crucial functions.

89. The tissue responsible for the opening and closing of stomata is:
a. Epidermis
b. Guard cells
c. Spongy mesophyll
d. Palisade mesophyll
*Answer: b. Guard cells*
Explanation: Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata in response to environmental conditions.

90. Which of the following is NOT a function of flowers?
a. Gas exchange
b. Reproduction
c. Pollination
d. Seed production
*Answer: a. Gas exchange*
Explanation: While flowers facilitate pollination and seed production, gas exchange primarily occurs through stomata in leaves.

91. The male reproductive organ of a flower is called:
a. Stigma
b. Style
c. Pistil
d. Stamen
*Answer: d. Stamen*
Explanation: The stamen consists of the anther and filament and is responsible for producing pollen.

92. The female reproductive organ of a flower is called:
a. Anther
b. Filament
c. Ovary
d. Stigma
*Answer: c. Ovary*
Explanation: The ovary contains ovules, which develop into seeds upon fertilization, making it the female reproductive organ of the flower.

93. The fusion of pollen grains with the stigma of a flower is known as:
a. Fertilization
b. Pollination
c. Germination
d. Photosynthesis
*Answer: b. Pollination*
Explanation: Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower, facilitating fertilization.

94. The part of the seed that develops into the root system of a plant is the:
a. Cotyledon
b. Embryo
c. Radicle
d. Plumule
*Answer: c. Radicle*
Explanation: The radicle is the embryonic root of a plant seed, which develops into the root system upon germination.

95. The protective covering of a seed is called the:
a. Cotyledon
b. Seed coat
c. Embryo
d. Endosperm
*Answer: b. Seed coat*
Explanation: The seed coat is the outer protective covering of a seed, providing protection to the embryo within.

96. Which of the following is NOT a type of simple fruit?
a. Berry
b. Drupe
c. Aggregate
d. Samara
*Answer: d. Samara*
Explanation: A samara is a type of winged fruit, while berries, drupes, and aggregates are examples of simple fruits.

97. The edible part of a peach fruit is derived from the:
a. Ovary
b. Receptacle
c. Sepal
d. Stigma
*Answer: b. Receptacle*
Explanation: The fleshy part of a peach fruit develops from the receptacle, not the ovary.

98. In plants, the process of senescence refers to:
a. Growth of new tissues
b. Ripening of fruits
c. Aging and death of tissues
d. Production of seeds
*Answer: c. Aging and death of tissues*
Explanation: Senescence is the process of aging and eventual death of tissues in plants.

99. The vascular tissue responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to shoots is:
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Cambium
d. Collenchyma
*Answer: a. Xylem*
Explanation: Xylem tissue primarily transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.

100. Which of the following is a function of the cambium?
a. Protection
b. Sugar transport
c. Lateral growth
d. Water absorption
*Answer: c. Lateral growth*
Explanation: The cambium is responsible for lateral growth in stems and roots, adding layers of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and increasing the diameter of the plant.

also read:- https://nalandascholars.com/important-100-mcqs-on-plant-kingdom/