Important 100 MCQs on Plant Kingdom

100 important MCQs on plant kingdom to master NEET

 

 

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of plants?
A) Presence of chlorophyll
B) Cell wall made of chitin
C) Multicellularity
D) Alternation of generations
**Answer: B) Cell wall made of chitin**
Explanation: Plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose, not chitin. Chitin is typically found in the cell walls of fungi.

2. Which structure is responsible for gas exchange in plants?
A) Stomata
B) Xylem
C) Phloem
D) Cortex
**Answer: A) Stomata**
Explanation: Stomata are small pores on the surface of leaves that regulate gas exchange, allowing for the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen.

3. What is the primary pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants?
A) Chlorophyll a
B) Chlorophyll b
C) Carotenoids
D) Xanthophyll
**Answer: A) Chlorophyll a**
Explanation: Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis, absorbing light energy and converting it into chemical energy.

4. Which of the following plant groups lacks vascular tissue?
A) Mosses
B) Ferns
C) Gymnosperms
D) Angiosperms
**Answer: A) Mosses**
Explanation: Mosses are non-vascular plants, meaning they lack specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients. Ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms all possess vascular tissue.

5. What is the male reproductive structure in flowering plants?
A) Ovary
B) Pistil
C) Stamen
D) Sepal
**Answer: C) Stamen**
Explanation: The stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the anther and filament.

6. Which of the following is a characteristic of gymnosperms?
A) Seeds enclosed in fruits
B) Double fertilization
C) Naked seeds
D) Flowers arranged in cones
**Answer: C) Naked seeds**
Explanation: Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed within a fruit; instead, they are exposed on the surface of cone scales.

7. What is the main function of the phloem in plants?
A) Transport of water and minerals
B) Support and mechanical strength
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transport of organic nutrients
**Answer: D) Transport of organic nutrients**
Explanation: Phloem is responsible for transporting organic nutrients, such as sugars, produced during photosynthesis, throughout the plant.

8. What is the outermost layer of a plant embryo called?
A) Endosperm
B) Cotyledon
C) Epicotyl
D) Seed coat
**Answer: D) Seed coat**
Explanation: The seed coat is the protective outer covering of a seed, derived from the integuments of the ovule.

9. Which of the following plant groups includes both mosses and liverworts?
A) Bryophytes
B) Gymnosperms
C) Angiosperms
D) Ferns
**Answer: A) Bryophytes**
Explanation: Bryophytes include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, which are non-vascular plants.

10. What is the purpose of the cuticle in plants?
A) Gas exchange
B) Protection against pathogens
C) Water conservation
D) Nutrient absorption
**Answer: C) Water conservation**
Explanation: The cuticle is a waxy layer covering the epidermis of leaves and stems, serving to reduce water loss and protect against desiccation.

11. Which of the following is not a type of plant tissue?
A) Dermal tissue
B) Ground tissue
C) Nervous tissue
D) Vascular tissue
**Answer: C) Nervous tissue**
Explanation: Nervous tissue is specific to animals and is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses. Plants lack nervous tissue.

12. What is the main function of the root hairs in plants?
A) Absorption of water and minerals
B) Support and anchorage
C) Photosynthesis
D) Storage of nutrients
**Answer: A) Absorption of water and minerals**
Explanation: Root hairs are extensions of root epidermal cells that increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

13. Which of the following is a characteristic of monocots?
A) Parallel leaf veins
B) Taproot system
C) Vascular bundles scattered in stem
D) Netted leaf veins
**Answer: A) Parallel leaf veins**
Explanation: Monocots typically have leaves with parallel veins, while dicots have leaves with netted veins.

14. Which plant hormone is responsible for promoting cell elongation and growth?
A) Auxin
B) Gibberellin
C) Cytokinin
D) Abscisic acid
**Answer: A) Auxin**
Explanation: Auxin stimulates cell elongation and growth, influencing various aspects of plant development such as tropisms and apical dominance.

15. In which plant group do seeds develop within a fruit?
A) Gymnosperms
B) Angiosperms
C) Bryophytes
D) Ferns
**Answer: B) Angiosperms**
Explanation: Angiosperms are flowering plants in which seeds develop within a protective structure called a fruit.

16. What is the process by which water is lost from plant leaves called?
A) Transpiration
B) Respiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Osmosis
**Answer: A) Transpiration**
Explanation: Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the aerial parts of plants, primarily through stomata.

17. Which of the following is a function of the plant stem?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Absorption of water and minerals
C) Support and transport
D) Reproduction
**Answer: C) Support and transport**
Explanation: The stem provides structural support to the plant and facilitates the transport of water, nutrients, and organic compounds between roots and leaves.

18. What is the primary function of the guard cells in stomata?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Protection against pathogens
C) Regulating gas exchange
D) Anchoring the plant
**Answer: C) Regulating gas exchange**
Explanation: Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata, thereby regulating gas exchange and transpiration.

19. Which of the following is not a type of tissue system in plants?
A) Ground tissue system
B) Dermal tissue system
C) Vascular tissue system
D) Reproductive tissue system
**Answer: D) Reproductive tissue system**
Explanation: While reproductive organs and tissues exist in plants, there is no specific

“reproductive tissue system” as such.

20. What is the main function of the spongy mesophyll in leaves?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Water and mineral absorption
C) Gas exchange
D) Mechanical support
**Answer: C) Gas exchange**
Explanation: The spongy mesophyll contains air spaces that facilitate gas exchange between the leaf interior and the atmosphere.

21. Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction in plants?
A) Pollination
B) Germination
C) Budding
D) Fertilization
**Answer: C) Budding**
Explanation: Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.

22. What is the function of the casparian strip in plant roots?
A) Absorbing water and minerals
B) Preventing water loss
C) Facilitating nutrient transport
D) Regulating ion uptake
**Answer: D) Regulating ion uptake**
Explanation: The casparian strip is a band of impermeable material in the endodermis of plant roots that regulates the passage of water and ions into the vascular system.

23. Which of the following is a characteristic of dicotyledonous seeds?
A) Single cotyledon
B) Parallel leaf veins
C) Fibrous root system
D) Netted leaf veins
**Answer: D) Netted leaf veins**
Explanation: Dicotyledonous plants typically have seeds with two cotyledons (embryonic seed leaves) and leaves with netted veins.

24. What is the primary function of the root cap in plant roots?
A) Absorption of water and minerals
B) Protection of the root apical meristem
C) Production of lateral roots
D) Facilitation of gas exchange
**Answer: B) Protection of the root apical meristem**
Explanation: The root cap covers and protects the delicate root apical meristem as the root pushes through soil during growth.

25. Which of the following is a characteristic of non-vascular plants?
A) Presence of seeds
B) Presence of vascular tissue
C) Lack of true roots, stems, and leaves
D) Reproduction by seeds
**Answer: C) Lack of true roots, stems, and leaves**
Explanation: Non-vascular plants, such as mosses and liverworts, lack true roots, stems, and leaves. They absorb water and nutrients directly from the environment.

26. What is the main function of the cambium in plants?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Mechanical support
C) Producing new vascular tissue
D) Absorbing water and minerals
**Answer: C) Producing new vascular tissue**
Explanation: The cambium is a meristematic tissue that produces new cells for secondary growth, resulting in the formation of secondary xylem and phloem.

27. Which of the following is a characteristic of monocotyledonous plants?
A) Netted leaf veins
B) Taproot system
C) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
D) Fibrous root system
**Answer: D) Fibrous root system**
Explanation: Monocotyledonous plants typically have seeds with a single cotyledon and a fibrous root system, with adventitious roots originating from the stem base.

28. What is the primary function of the anther in a flower?
A) Production of pollen grains
B) Reception of pollen grains
C) Protection of the ovule
D) Production of ovules
**Answer: A) Production of pollen grains**
Explanation: The anther is the male reproductive structure of a flower that produces pollen grains containing male gametes (sperm cells).

29. Which of the following plant hormones promotes fruit ripening?
A) Ethylene
B) Gibberellin
C) Abscisic acid
D) Auxin
**Answer: A) Ethylene**
Explanation: Ethylene is a plant hormone involved in various aspects of plant growth and development, including fruit ripening, leaf senescence, and abscission.

30. What is the main function of the apical meristem in plants?
A) Producing new leaves
B) Producing new roots
C) Producing new cells for primary growth
D) Producing flowers
**Answer: C) Producing new cells for primary growth**
Explanation: The apical meristem is responsible for primary growth in plants, producing new cells that allow for the elongation of stems and roots.

31. Which of the following is a function of the plant cuticle?
A) Gas exchange
B) Protection against pathogens
C) Absorption of water and minerals
D) Mechanical support
**Answer: B) Protection against pathogens**
Explanation: The cuticle forms a waterproof barrier on the outer surface of aerial plant parts, protecting against pathogen invasion, and reducing water loss.

32. Which of the following plant hormones is associated with tropisms, such as phototropism and gravitropism?
A) Ethylene
B) Abscisic acid
C) Gibberellin
D) Auxin
**Answer: D) Auxin**
Explanation: Auxin is responsible for regulating plant growth and development, including responses to light (phototropism) and gravity (gravitropism).

33. Which of the following is a characteristic of gymnosperms?
A) Flowers arranged in cones
B) Seeds enclosed in fruits
C) Double fertilization
D) Vascular tissue absent
**Answer: A) Flowers arranged in cones**
Explanation: Gymnosperms typically produce seeds in cones or cone-like structures, rather than enclosed within fruits.

34. What is the primary function of the root system in plants?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Absorption of water and minerals
C) Transport of nutrients
D) Production of flowers
**Answer: B) Absorption of water and minerals**
Explanation: The root system anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals from the soil, which are essential for growth and metabolism.

35. Which of the following plant groups includes ferns and horsetails?
A) Bryophytes
B) Gymnosperms
C) Angiosperms
D) Pteridophytes
**Answer: D) Pteridophytes**
Explanation: Pteridophytes are seedless vascular plants that include ferns, horsetails, and club mosses.

36. What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
A) Production of pollen grains
B) Reception of pollen grains
C) Protection of the ovule
D) Production of ovules
**Answer: B) Reception of pollen grains**
Explanation: The stigma is the receptive surface in a flower that receives pollen grains during pollination.

37. Which of the following plant hormones is associated with seed dormancy and stress responses?
A) Gibberellin

B) Cytokinin
C) Abscisic acid
D) Auxin
**Answer: C) Abscisic acid**
Explanation: Abscisic acid regulates seed dormancy, germination, and responses to environmental stresses such as drought and salinity.

38. What is the main function of the vascular cambium in woody plants?
A) Producing new leaves
B) Producing new roots
C) Producing new cells for secondary growth
D) Producing flowers
**Answer: C) Producing new cells for secondary growth**
Explanation: The vascular cambium is a meristematic tissue that produces new cells for secondary growth, leading to the formation of wood and bark.

39. Which of the following is a function of the pericycle in plant roots?
A) Absorbing water and minerals
B) Producing lateral roots
C) Transporting organic nutrients
D) Facilitating gas exchange
**Answer: B) Producing lateral roots**
Explanation: The pericycle is a layer of cells in the root cortex that gives rise to lateral roots during secondary growth.

40. What is the purpose of the endosperm in seeds?
A) Protection of the embryo
B) Production of hormones
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Facilitation of gas exchange
**Answer: C) Storage of nutrients**
Explanation: The endosperm is a tissue in seeds that stores nutrients such as starch, proteins, and oils, providing nourishment to the developing embryo.

41. Which of the following is a characteristic of dicotyledonous plants?
A) Parallel leaf veins
B) Fibrous root system
C) Vascular bundles scattered in stem
D) Flowers arranged in cones
**Answer: B) Fibrous root system**
Explanation: Dicotyledonous plants typically have a taproot system with a main root and lateral roots, as opposed to the fibrous root system found in monocots.

42. What is the primary function of the petal in a flower?
A) Protection of reproductive organs
B) Production of pollen grains
C) Attraction of pollinators
D) Reception of pollen grains
**Answer: C) Attraction of pollinators**
Explanation: Petals are often brightly colored and scented to attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and birds.

43. Which of the following plant hormones is associated with leaf abscission?
A) Ethylene
B) Gibberellin
C) Cytokinin
D) Abscisic acid
**Answer: A) Ethylene**
Explanation: Ethylene promotes leaf abscission, the shedding of leaves in response to seasonal changes or stress.

44. What is the primary function of the pith in plant stems?
A) Storage of water and nutrients
B) Support and mechanical strength
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transport of organic nutrients
**Answer: A) Storage of water and nutrients**
Explanation: The pith is a central region of parenchyma cells in plant stems that serves primarily for the storage of water, nutrients, and food reserves.

45. Which of the following is a characteristic of monocotyledonous seeds?
A) Netted leaf veins
B) Two cotyledons
C) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
D) Fibrous root system
**Answer: C) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring**
Explanation: Monocotyledonous seeds typically have a single cotyledon and vascular bundles arranged in a ring within the stem.

46. What is the main function of the seed coat in seeds?
A) Protection of the embryo
B) Production of hormones
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Facilitation of gas exchange
**Answer: A) Protection of the embryo**
Explanation: The seed coat provides protection to the embryo from mechanical damage, desiccation, and pathogens.

47. Which of the following is a characteristic of gymnosperms?
A) Flowers with enclosed seeds
B) Seeds enclosed in fruits
C) Naked seeds
D) Double fertilization
**Answer: C) Naked seeds**
Explanation: Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed within a fruit but are exposed on the surface of cone scales.

48. What is the primary function of the periderm in woody plants?
A) Absorbing water and minerals
B) Producing new cells for growth
C) Facilitating gas exchange
D) Protecting the stem surface
**Answer: D) Protecting the stem surface**
Explanation: The periderm is a protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in woody stems, providing protection against mechanical damage and pathogens.

49. Which of the following is a function of the cortex in plant roots?
A) Absorption of water and minerals
B) Production of lateral roots
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Transport of organic nutrients
**Answer: C) Storage of nutrients**
Explanation: The cortex is a region of parenchyma cells in the root between the epidermis and the vascular tissue, serving for storage and support.

50. What is the primary function of the radicle in a germinating seed?
A) Absorption of water and minerals
B) Production of new shoots
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Initiation of root growth
**Answer: D) Initiation of root growth**
Explanation: The radicle is the embryonic root of a seedling that emerges first during germination, initiating root growth and anchoring the seedling in the soil.

51. Which of the following plant hormones promotes stem elongation and seed germination?
A) Ethylene
B) Abscisic acid
C) Gibberellin
D) Auxin
**Answer: C) Gibberellin**
Explanation: Gibberellin stimulates stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering in plants.

52. What is the main function of the apoplast in plants?
A) Transport of water and minerals
B) Storage of nutrients
C) Support and mechanical strength
D) Protection against pathogens
**Answer: A) Transport of water and minerals**
Explanation: The apoplast is the continuum of cell walls and intercellular spaces through which water and solutes passively move in plants.

53. Which of the following is a characteristic of dicotyledonous plants?
A) Parallel leaf veins
B) Fibrous root system
C) Vascular bundles scattered in stem
D) Flowers arranged in cones
**Answer: B) Fibrous root system**
Explanation: Dicotyledonous plants typically have a taproot system with a main root and lateral roots, as opposed to the fibrous root system found in monocots.

54. What is the primary function of the root system in plants?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Absorption of water and minerals
C) Transport of nutrients
D) Production of flowers
**Answer: B) Absorption of water and minerals

**
Explanation: The root system anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals from the soil, which are essential for growth and metabolism.

55. Which of the following plant groups includes ferns and horsetails?
A) Bryophytes
B) Gymnosperms
C) Angiosperms
D) Pteridophytes
**Answer: D) Pteridophytes**
Explanation: Pteridophytes are seedless vascular plants that include ferns, horsetails, and club mosses.

56. What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
A) Production of pollen grains
B) Reception of pollen grains
C) Protection of the ovule
D) Production of ovules
**Answer: B) Reception of pollen grains**
Explanation: The stigma is the receptive surface in a flower that receives pollen grains during pollination.

57. Which of the following plant hormones is associated with seed dormancy and stress responses?
A) Gibberellin
B) Cytokinin
C) Abscisic acid
D) Auxin
**Answer: C) Abscisic acid**
Explanation: Abscisic acid regulates seed dormancy, germination, and responses to environmental stresses such as drought and salinity.

58. What is the main function of the vascular cambium in woody plants?
A) Producing new leaves
B) Producing new roots
C) Producing new cells for secondary growth
D) Producing flowers
**Answer: C) Producing new cells for secondary growth**
Explanation: The vascular cambium is a meristematic tissue that produces new cells for secondary growth, leading to the formation of wood and bark.

59. Which of the following is a function of the pericycle in plant roots?
A) Absorbing water and minerals
B) Producing lateral roots
C) Transporting organic nutrients
D) Facilitating gas exchange
**Answer: B) Producing lateral roots**
Explanation: The pericycle is a layer of cells in the root cortex that gives rise to lateral roots during secondary growth.

60. What is the purpose of the endosperm in seeds?
A) Protection of the embryo
B) Production of hormones
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Facilitation of gas exchange
**Answer: C) Storage of nutrients**
Explanation: The endosperm is a tissue in seeds that stores nutrients such as starch, proteins, and oils, providing nourishment to the developing embryo.

61. Which of the following is a characteristic of dicotyledonous plants?
A) Parallel leaf veins
B) Fibrous root system
C) Vascular bundles scattered in stem
D) Flowers arranged in cones
**Answer: B) Fibrous root system**
Explanation: Dicotyledonous plants typically have a taproot system with a main root and lateral roots, as opposed to the fibrous root system found in monocots.

62. What is the primary function of the petal in a flower?
A) Protection of reproductive organs
B) Production of pollen grains
C) Attraction of pollinators
D) Reception of pollen grains
**Answer: C) Attraction of pollinators**
Explanation: Petals are often brightly colored and scented to attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and birds.

63. Which of the following plant hormones is associated with leaf abscission?
A) Ethylene
B) Gibberellin
C) Cytokinin
D) Abscisic acid
**Answer: A) Ethylene**
Explanation: Ethylene promotes leaf abscission, the shedding of leaves in response to seasonal changes or stress.

64. What is the primary function of the pith in plant stems?
A) Storage of water and nutrients
B) Support and mechanical strength
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transport of organic nutrients
**Answer: A) Storage of water and nutrients**
Explanation: The pith is a central region of parenchyma cells in plant stems that serves primarily for the storage of water, nutrients, and food reserves.

65. Which of the following is a characteristic of monocotyledonous seeds?
A) Netted leaf veins
B) Two cotyledons
C) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
D) Fibrous root system
**Answer: C) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring**
Explanation: Monocotyledonous seeds typically have a single cotyledon and vascular bundles arranged in a ring within the stem.

66. What is the main function of the seed coat in seeds?
A) Protection of the embryo
B) Production of hormones
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Facilitation of gas exchange
**Answer: A) Protection of the embryo**
Explanation: The seed coat provides protection to the embryo from mechanical damage, desiccation, and pathogens.

67. Which of the following is a characteristic of gymnosperms?
A) Flowers with enclosed seeds
B) Seeds enclosed in fruits
C) Naked seeds
D) Double fertilization
**Answer: C) Naked seeds**
Explanation: Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed within a fruit but are exposed on the surface of cone scales.

68. What is the primary function of the periderm in woody plants?
A) Absorbing water and minerals
B) Producing new cells for growth
C) Facilitating gas exchange
D) Protecting the stem surface
**Answer: D) Protecting the stem surface**
Explanation: The periderm is a protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in woody stems, providing protection against mechanical damage and pathogens.

69. Which of the following is a function of the cortex in plant roots?
A) Absorption of water and minerals
B) Production of lateral roots
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Transport of organic nutrients
**Answer: C) Storage of nutrients**
Explanation: The cortex is a region of parenchyma cells in the root between the epidermis and the vascular tissue, serving for storage and support.

70. What is the primary function of the radicle in a germinating seed?
A) Absorption of water and minerals
B) Production of new shoots
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Initiation of root growth
**Answer: D) Initiation of root growth**
Explanation: The radicle is the embryonic root of a seedling that emerges first during germination, initiating root growth and anchoring the seedling in the soil.

71. Which of the following plant hormones promotes stem elongation and seed germination?
A) Ethylene
B) Abscisic acid
C) Gibberellin
D) Auxin
**Answer: C) Gibberellin**
Explanation: Gibberellin stimulates stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering in plants.

72. What is the main function of the apoplast in plants?
A) Transport of water and

minerals
B) Storage of nutrients
C) Support and mechanical strength
D) Protection against pathogens
**Answer: A) Transport of water and minerals**
Explanation: The apoplast is the continuum of cell walls and intercellular spaces through which water and solutes passively move in plants.

73. Which of the following is a characteristic of dicotyledonous plants?
A) Parallel leaf veins
B) Fibrous root system
C) Vascular bundles scattered in stem
D) Flowers arranged in cones
**Answer: B) Fibrous root system**
Explanation: Dicotyledonous plants typically have a taproot system with a main root and lateral roots, as opposed to the fibrous root system found in monocots.

74. What is the primary function of the petal in a flower?
A) Protection of reproductive organs
B) Production of pollen grains
C) Attraction of pollinators
D) Reception of pollen grains
**Answer: C) Attraction of pollinators**
Explanation: Petals are often brightly colored and scented to attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and birds.

75. Which of the following plant hormones is associated with leaf abscission?
A) Ethylene
B) Gibberellin
C) Cytokinin
D) Abscisic acid
**Answer: A) Ethylene**
Explanation: Ethylene promotes leaf abscission, the shedding of leaves in response to seasonal changes or stress.

76. What is the primary function of the pith in plant stems?
A) Storage of water and nutrients
B) Support and mechanical strength
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transport of organic nutrients
**Answer: A) Storage of water and nutrients**
Explanation: The pith is a central region of parenchyma cells in plant stems that serves primarily for the storage of water, nutrients, and food reserves.

77. Which of the following is a characteristic of monocotyledonous seeds?
A) Netted leaf veins
B) Two cotyledons
C) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
D) Fibrous root system
**Answer: C) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring**
Explanation: Monocotyledonous seeds typically have a single cotyledon and vascular bundles arranged in a ring within the stem.

78. What is the main function of the seed coat in seeds?
A) Protection of the embryo
B) Production of hormones
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Facilitation of gas exchange
**Answer: A) Protection of the embryo**
Explanation: The seed coat provides protection to the embryo from mechanical damage, desiccation, and pathogens.

79. Which of the following is a characteristic of gymnosperms?
A) Flowers with enclosed seeds
B) Seeds enclosed in fruits
C) Naked seeds
D) Double fertilization
**Answer: C) Naked seeds**
Explanation: Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed within a fruit but are exposed on the surface of cone scales.

80. What is the primary function of the periderm in woody plants?
A) Absorbing water and minerals
B) Producing new cells for growth
C) Facilitating gas exchange
D) Protecting the stem surface
**Answer: D) Protecting the stem surface**
Explanation: The periderm is a protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in woody stems, providing protection against mechanical damage and pathogens.

81. Which of the following is a function of the cortex in plant roots?
A) Absorbing water and minerals
B) Producing lateral roots
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Transport of organic nutrients
**Answer: C) Storage of nutrients**
Explanation: The cortex is a region of parenchyma cells in the root between the epidermis and the vascular tissue, serving for storage and support.

82. What is the primary function of the radicle in a germinating seed?
A) Absorption of water and minerals
B) Production of new shoots
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Initiation of root growth
**Answer: D) Initiation of root growth**
Explanation: The radicle is the embryonic root of a seedling that emerges first during germination, initiating root growth and anchoring the seedling in the soil.

83. Which of the following plant hormones promotes stem elongation and seed germination?
A) Ethylene
B) Abscisic acid
C) Gibberellin
D) Auxin
**Answer: C) Gibberellin**
Explanation: Gibberellin stimulates stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering in plants.

84. What is the main function of the apoplast in plants?
A) Transport of water and minerals
B) Storage of nutrients
C) Support and mechanical strength
D) Protection against pathogens
**Answer: A) Transport of water and minerals**
Explanation: The apoplast is the continuum of cell walls and intercellular spaces through which water and solutes passively move in plants.

85. Which of the following is a characteristic of dicotyledonous plants?
A) Parallel leaf veins
B) Fibrous root system
C) Vascular bundles scattered in stem
D) Flowers arranged in cones
**Answer: B) Fibrous root system**
Explanation: Dicotyledonous plants typically have a taproot system with a main root and lateral roots, as opposed to the fibrous root system found in monocots.

86. What is the primary function of the petal in a flower?
A) Protection of reproductive organs
B) Production of pollen grains
C) Attraction of pollinators
D) Reception of pollen grains
**Answer: C) Attraction of pollinators**
Explanation: Petals are often brightly colored and scented to attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and birds.

87. Which of the following plant hormones is associated with leaf abscission?
A) Ethylene
B) Gibberellin
C) Cytokinin
D) Abscisic acid
**Answer: A) Ethylene**
Explanation: Ethylene promotes leaf abscission, the shedding of leaves in response to seasonal changes or stress.

88. What is the primary function of the pith in plant stems?
A) Storage of water and nutrients
B) Support and mechanical strength
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transport of organic nutrients
**Answer: A) Storage of water and nutrients**
Explanation: The pith is a central region of parenchyma cells in plant stems that serves primarily for the storage of water, nutrients, and food reserves.

89. Which of the following is a characteristic of monocotyledonous seeds?
A) Netted leaf veins
B) Two cotyledons
C) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
D) Fibrous root system
**Answer: C) Vascular bundles arranged in

a ring**
Explanation: Monocotyledonous seeds typically have a single cotyledon and vascular bundles arranged in a ring within the stem.

90. What is the main function of the seed coat in seeds?
A) Protection of the embryo
B) Production of hormones
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Facilitation of gas exchange
**Answer: A) Protection of the embryo**
Explanation: The seed coat provides protection to the embryo from mechanical damage, desiccation, and pathogens.

91. Which of the following is a characteristic of gymnosperms?
A) Flowers with enclosed seeds
B) Seeds enclosed in fruits
C) Naked seeds
D) Double fertilization
**Answer: C) Naked seeds**
Explanation: Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed within a fruit but are exposed on the surface of cone scales.

92. What is the primary function of the periderm in woody plants?
A) Absorbing water and minerals
B) Producing new cells for growth
C) Facilitating gas exchange
D) Protecting the stem surface
**Answer: D) Protecting the stem surface**
Explanation: The periderm is a protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in woody stems, providing protection against mechanical damage and pathogens.

93. Which of the following is a function of the cortex in plant roots?
A) Absorbing water and minerals
B) Producing lateral roots
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Transport of organic nutrients
**Answer: C) Storage of nutrients**
Explanation: The cortex is a region of parenchyma cells in the root between the epidermis and the vascular tissue, serving for storage and support.

94. What is the primary function of the radicle in a germinating seed?
A) Absorption of water and minerals
B) Production of new shoots
C) Storage of nutrients
D) Initiation of root growth
**Answer: D) Initiation of root growth**
Explanation: The radicle is the embryonic root of a seedling that emerges first during germination, initiating root growth and anchoring the seedling in the soil.

95. Which of the following plant hormones promotes stem elongation and seed germination?
A) Ethylene
B) Abscisic acid
C) Gibberellin
D) Auxin
**Answer: C) Gibberellin**
Explanation: Gibberellin stimulates stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering in plants.

96. What is the main function of the apoplast in plants?
A) Transport of water and minerals
B) Storage of nutrients
C) Support and mechanical strength
D) Protection against pathogens
**Answer: A) Transport of water and minerals**
Explanation: The apoplast is the continuum of cell walls and intercellular spaces through which water and solutes passively move in plants.

97. Which of the following is a characteristic of dicotyledonous plants?
A) Parallel leaf veins
B) Fibrous root system
C) Vascular bundles scattered in stem
D) Flowers arranged in cones
**Answer: B) Fibrous root system**
Explanation: Dicotyledonous plants typically have a taproot system with a main root and lateral roots, as opposed to the fibrous root system found in monocots.

98. What is the primary function of the petal in a flower?
A) Protection of reproductive organs
B) Production of pollen grains
C) Attraction of pollinators
D) Reception of pollen grains
**Answer: C) Attraction of pollinators**
Explanation: Petals are often brightly colored and scented to attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and birds.

99. Which of the following plant hormones is associated with leaf abscission?
A) Ethylene
B) Gibberellin
C) Cytokinin
D) Abscisic acid
**Answer: A) Ethylene**
Explanation: Ethylene promotes leaf abscission, the shedding of leaves in response to seasonal changes or stress.

100. What is the primary function of the pith in plant stems?
A) Storage of water and nutrients
B) Support and mechanical strength
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transport of organic nutrients
**Answer: A) Storage of water and nutrients**
Explanation: The pith is a central region of parenchyma cells in plant stems that serves primarily for the storage of water, nutrients, and food reserves.

also read https://nalandascholars.com/mcqs-on-morphology-of-flowering-plants/