Human Reproduction Important 100 MCQs 12th biology

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Human Reproduction Important 100 MCQs 12th biology

100 MCQs on Human Reproduction 12th BIOLOGY

Human Reproduction Top 100 MCQs 12th biology

1. Which of the following is not a primary reproductive organ in females?
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Fallopian tube
D) Vagina

**Answer: B) Uterus**
Explanation: The uterus is not considered a primary reproductive organ; it is a secondary reproductive organ where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus during pregnancy.

2. Sperm production occurs in which part of the male reproductive system?
A) Epididymis
B) Seminal vesicles
C) Prostate gland
D) Testes

**Answer: D) Testes**
Explanation: Sperm production, or spermatogenesis, occurs within the testes in structures called seminiferous tubules.

3. Oogenesis is the process of:
A) Sperm production
B) Egg production
C) Fertilization
D) Implantation

**Answer: B) Egg production**
Explanation: Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes (eggs) are produced within the ovaries.

4. Fertilization typically occurs in which part of the female reproductive system?
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Fallopian tube
D) Vagina

**Answer: C) Fallopian tube**
Explanation: Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes, where sperm meets the egg.

5. Which hormone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

**Answer: C) Testosterone**
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass.

6. The corpus luteum is formed from:
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Follicle
D) Placenta

**Answer: C) Follicle**
Explanation: The corpus luteum forms from the remnants of the ovarian follicle after ovulation and plays a crucial role in the production of progesterone to support pregnancy.

7. The inner lining of the uterus is called the:
A) Endometrium
B) Myometrium
C) Perimetrium
D) Fallopian tube

**Answer: A) Endometrium**
Explanation: The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that thickens during the menstrual cycle and is shed during menstruation if fertilization does not occur.

8. What is the function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?
A) Sperm production
B) Hormone secretion
C) Storage and secretion of seminal fluid
D) Production of testosterone

**Answer: C) Storage and secretion of seminal fluid**
Explanation: Seminal vesicles produce and store seminal fluid, which contributes to semen and provides nutrients and protection for sperm.

9. The process of the release of an egg from the ovary is called:
A) Fertilization
B) Ovulation
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

**Answer: B) Ovulation**
Explanation: Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized by sperm.

10. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation in females?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)**
Explanation: LH triggers ovulation in females, causing the mature follicle to release the egg from the ovary.

11. Sperm cells are produced through a process called:
A) Spermatogenesis
B) Oogenesis
C) Fertilization
D) Implantation

**Answer: A) Spermatogenesis**
Explanation: Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

12. Where does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Fallopian tube
D) Cervix

**Answer: C) Fallopian tube**
Explanation: Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube when sperm meets the egg released from the ovary.

13. Which of the following is the male sex cell?
A) Sperm
B) Egg
C) Zygote
D) Blastocyst

**Answer: A) Sperm**
Explanation: Sperm is the male gamete or sex cell responsible for fertilizing the female egg.

14. The surge in which hormone triggers ovulation in females?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)**
Explanation: LH surge triggers ovulation by causing the mature follicle to release the egg from the ovary.

15. What is the function of the prostate gland in males?
A) Production of sperm
B) Secretion of testosterone
C) Production of seminal fluid
D) Secretion of estrogen

**Answer: C) Production of seminal fluid**
Explanation: The prostate gland produces a milky fluid that mixes with sperm and other fluids to form semen.

16. In which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?
A) Menstrual phase
B) Proliferative phase
C) Secretory phase
D) Ovulatory phase

**Answer: D) Ovulatory phase**
Explanation: Ovulation typically occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle, approximately 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period.

17. The process by which the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

**Answer: D) Implantation**
Explanation: Implantation occurs when the fertilized egg (zygote) attaches to the lining of the uterus and begins to embed itself into the endometrium.

18. Which hormone is responsible for thickening the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: B) Progesterone**
Explanation: Progesterone, produced by the corpus luteum, is responsible for maintaining and thickening

the uterine lining in preparation for implantation of a fertilized egg.

19. The structure that connects the fetus to the placenta and provides nutrients and oxygen is the:
A) Amniotic sac
B) Umbilical cord
C) Chorion
D) Decidua

**Answer: B) Umbilical cord**
Explanation: The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta and serves as a conduit for nutrients, oxygen, and waste between the fetus and the mother.

20. What is the function of the cervix in the female reproductive system?
A) Production of eggs
B) Secretion of hormones
C) Passage for sperm and menstrual flow
D) Implantation of the fertilized egg

**Answer: C) Passage for sperm and menstrual flow**
Explanation: The cervix serves as the passage for sperm to enter the uterus during intercourse and allows menstrual flow to exit the uterus during menstruation.

21. The cells surrounding the developing egg in the ovary are called:
A) Granulosa cells
B) Sertoli cells
C) Leydig cells
D) Germ cells

**Answer: A) Granulosa cells**
Explanation: Granulosa cells surround the developing egg (oocyte) within the ovarian follicle and play a role in supporting its growth and development.

22. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)**
Explanation: FSH stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles in the ovaries, which contain the maturing eggs.

23. The process by which the uterus contracts to expel its lining during menstruation is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

**Answer: C) Menstruation**
Explanation: Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) that occurs if fertilization and implantation do not occur.

24. Where does fertilization usually occur?
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Cervix
D) Fallopian tube

**Answer: D) Fallopian tube**
Explanation: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube when sperm meets the egg released from the ovary.

25. Which of the following hormones is not involved in regulating the menstrual cycle?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

**Answer: C) Testosterone**
Explanation: Testosterone is a male sex hormone and is not directly involved in regulating the menstrual cycle in females.

26. The process of the thickening of the endometrium in preparation for implantation is known as:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

**Answer: C) Proliferation**
Explanation: Proliferation refers to the thickening of the endometrium in response to estrogen during the menstrual cycle, preparing it for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

27. What is the name of the structure that produces progesterone after ovulation?
A) Corpus luteum
B) Corpus albicans
C) Corpus callosum
D) Corpus cavernosum

**Answer: A) Corpus luteum**
Explanation: The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure formed from the ovarian follicle after ovulation. It produces progesterone to support pregnancy.

28. Which of the following is responsible for the release of FSH and LH?
A) Hypothalamus
B) Pituitary gland
C) Ovaries
D) Adrenal glands

**Answer: B) Pituitary gland**
Explanation: The pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which regulate the menstrual cycle and ovulation.

29. The phase of the menstrual cycle that occurs after ovulation is known as the:
A) Menstrual phase
B) Follicular phase
C) Luteal phase
D) Secretory phase

**Answer: C) Luteal phase**
Explanation: The luteal phase occurs after ovulation and is characterized by the development and activity of the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone.

30. Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during pregnancy?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: B) Progesterone**
Explanation: Progesterone, produced by the corpus luteum and later by the placenta, is essential for maintaining the uterine lining during pregnancy.

31. The release of an egg from the ovary is triggered by a surge in which hormone?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)**
Explanation: LH surge triggers ovulation by causing the mature follicle to release the egg from the ovary.

32. Which of the following is not a function of the placenta during pregnancy?
A) Exchange of nutrients and waste between mother and fetus
B) Production of hormones to support pregnancy
C) Protection of the fetus from infections
D) Contraction of the uterus during labor

**Answer: D) Contraction of the uterus during labor**
Explanation: While the placenta plays a crucial role in pregnancy, it is not involved in the contraction of the uterus during labor. Uterine contractions are primarily controlled by hormones such as oxytocin.

33. Sperm cells are stored and gain motility in which structure of the male reproductive system?
A) Epididymis
B) Vas deferens
C) Seminal vesicles
D) Prostate gland

**Answer: A) Epididymis**
Explanation: Sperm cells mature and gain motility as they pass through the epididymis, a coiled tube located on the surface of each testis.

34. The process by which sperm and semen are expelled from the male reproductive system is called:
A) Erection
B) Ejaculation
C) Ovulation
D) Fertilization

**Answer: B) Ejaculation**
Explanation: Ejaculation is the process by which sperm and seminal fluid are forcefully expelled from the male reproductive tract

through the urethra.

35. Fertilization of the egg usually occurs within how many hours after ovulation?
A) 6-12 hours
B) 12-24 hours
C) 24-48 hours
D) 48-72 hours

**Answer: C) 24-48 hours**
Explanation: Fertilization typically occurs within 24 to 48 hours after ovulation when the egg is viable and capable of being fertilized by sperm.

36. The outermost layer of the egg is called the:
A) Zona pellucida
B) Corona radiata
C) Cumulus oophorus
D) Germinal epithelium

**Answer: A) Zona pellucida**
Explanation: The zona pellucida is the glycoprotein-rich layer surrounding the egg cell (oocyte) that plays a role in sperm-egg recognition and fertilization.

37. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth and development of the mammary glands during pregnancy?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Prolactin
D) Oxytocin

**Answer: C) Prolactin**
Explanation: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating the growth and development of the mammary glands in preparation for lactation during pregnancy.

38. The process of sperm entering the egg and fusing their genetic material is called:
A) Fertilization
B) Ovulation
C) Implantation
D) Menstruation

**Answer: A) Fertilization**
Explanation: Fertilization is the process by which spermatozoa penetrate the egg (oocyte) and fuse with its nucleus, resulting in the formation of a zygote.

39. What is the function of the Cowper’s glands in the male reproductive system?
A) Production of sperm
B) Production of testosterone
C) Secretion of lubricating fluid
D) Secretion of seminal fluid

**Answer: C) Secretion of lubricating fluid**
Explanation: Cowper’s glands (bulbourethral glands) secrete a clear, lubricating fluid that helps neutralize acidity in the urethra and lubricates the passage for sperm during ejaculation.

40. The process of the thickening and vascularization of the endometrium under the influence of progesterone is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

**Answer: D) Secretion**
Explanation: Secretion refers to the further thickening and vascularization of the endometrium under the influence of progesterone after ovulation, preparing it for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

41. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

**Answer: A) Estrogen**
Explanation: Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development and widening of the hips.

42. The structure that secretes progesterone to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy is the:
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Placenta
D) Fallopian tube

**Answer: C) Placenta**
Explanation: The placenta secretes progesterone during pregnancy to maintain the uterine lining and support the growing fetus.

43. Ovulation is triggered by a surge in which hormone?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)**
Explanation: LH surge triggers ovulation by causing the mature follicle to release the egg from the ovary.

44. The process by which the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size after childbirth is called:
A) Labor
B) Conception
C) Involution
D) Implantation

**Answer: C) Involution**
Explanation: Involution is the process by which the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size and shape after childbirth through the contraction of uterine muscles and shedding of excess tissue.

45. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Prolactin
D) Oxytocin

**Answer: C) Prolactin**
Explanation: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production (lactation) in the mammary glands.

46. The primary function of the male reproductive system is:
A) Production of eggs
B) Production of hormones
C) Production and delivery of sperm
D) Implantation of the fertilized egg

**Answer: C) Production and delivery of sperm**
Explanation: The primary function of the male reproductive system is the production and delivery of sperm for fertilization of the female egg.

47. The process by which the sperm gain the ability to fertilize an egg is called:
A) Capacitation
B) Ovulation
C) Fertilization
D) Implantation

**Answer: A) Capacitation**
Explanation: Capacitation is the process by which sperm undergo biochemical changes in the female reproductive tract, enabling them to penetrate and fertilize the egg.

48. The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones released by which glands?
A) Adrenal glands
B) Thyroid glands
C) Ovaries and pituitary glands
D) Pancreas

**Answer: C) Ovaries and pituitary glands**
Explanation: The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones released by the ovaries (estrogen and progesterone) and the pituitary gland (FSH and LH).

49. The process of the egg being released from the ovary is known as:
A) Fertilization
B) Ovulation
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

**Answer: B) Ovulation**
Explanation: Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized by sperm.

50. The hormone responsible for initiating and maintaining pregnancy is:
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: B) Progesterone**
Explanation: Progesterone is essential for initiating and maintaining pregnancy by supporting the thickening of the uterine lining and preventing contractions of the uterus.

51. The hormone responsible for the development and maturation of the ovarian follicles in the menstrual cycle is

:
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)**
Explanation: FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in the ovaries during the menstrual cycle.

52. The structure that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removes waste products is the:
A) Amniotic sac
B) Placenta
C) Umbilical cord
D) Chorion

**Answer: B) Placenta**
Explanation: The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy and serves as a site of exchange between maternal and fetal blood, providing nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and removing waste products.

53. The process by which the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

**Answer: D) Implantation**
Explanation: Implantation occurs when the fertilized egg (zygote) attaches to the lining of the uterus and begins to embed itself into the endometrium, initiating pregnancy.

54. Sperm cells are produced in the:
A) Epididymis
B) Seminal vesicles
C) Vas deferens
D) Testes

**Answer: D) Testes**
Explanation: Sperm cells are produced within the seminiferous tubules of the testes through a process called spermatogenesis.

55. The phase of the menstrual cycle during which the uterine lining thickens in preparation for implantation is called the:
A) Follicular phase
B) Ovulatory phase
C) Secretory phase
D) Proliferative phase

**Answer: D) Proliferative phase**
Explanation: During the proliferative phase, the uterine lining (endometrium) thickens under the influence of estrogen in preparation for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

56. Which of the following is a function of testosterone in males?
A) Stimulating ovulation
B) Regulating menstrual cycle
C) Development of male secondary sexual characteristics
D) Supporting pregnancy

**Answer: C) Development of male secondary sexual characteristics**
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass.

57. The process by which the uterus contracts to expel its lining during menstruation is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

**Answer: C) Menstruation**
Explanation: Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) that occurs if fertilization and implantation do not occur during the menstrual cycle.

58. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

**Answer: C) Testosterone**
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

59. The process of the thickening and vascularization of the endometrium under the influence of progesterone is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

60. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of the female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

**Answer: A) Estrogen**
Explanation: Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

61. The surge in which hormone triggers ovulation in females?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)**
Explanation: LH surge triggers ovulation by causing the mature follicle to release the egg from the ovary.

62. The process of the thickening of the endometrium in preparation for implantation is known as:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

63. What is the function of the Cowper’s glands in the male reproductive system?
A) Production of sperm
B) Production of testosterone
C) Secretion of lubricating fluid
D) Secretion of seminal fluid

64. The process of the thickening and vascularization of the endometrium under the influence of progesterone is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

65. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

66. The structure that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removes waste products is the:
A) Amniotic sac
B) Placenta
C) Umbilical cord
D) Chorion

and removing waste products.

67. The process by which the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

68. Sperm cells are produced in the:
A) Epididymis
B) Seminal vesicles
C) Vas deferens
D) Testes

**Answer: D) Testes**
Explanation: Sperm cells are produced within the seminiferous tubules of the testes through a process called spermatogenesis.

69. The phase of the menstrual cycle during which the uterine lining thickens in preparation for implantation is called the:
A) Follicular phase
B) Ovulatory phase
C) Secretory phase
D) Proliferative phase

70. Which of the following is a function of testosterone in males?
A) Stimulating ovulation
B) Regulating menstrual cycle
C) Development of male secondary sexual characteristics
D) Supporting pregnancy

71. The process by which the uterus contracts to expel its lining during menstruation is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

**Answer: C) Menstruation**
Explanation: Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) that occurs if fertilization and implantation do not occur during the menstrual cycle.

72. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

**Answer: C) Testosterone**
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

73. The process of the thickening and vascularization of the endometrium under the influence of progesterone is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

74. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of the female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

**Answer: A) Estrogen**
Explanation: Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

75. The surge in which hormone triggers ovulation in females?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)**
Explanation: LH surge triggers ovulation by causing the mature follicle to release the egg from the ovary.

76. The process of the thickening of the endometrium in preparation for implantation is known as:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

77. What is the function of the Cowper’s glands in the male reproductive system?
A) Production of sperm
B) Production of testosterone
C) Secretion of lubricating fluid
D) Secretion of seminal fluid

78. The process of the thickening and vascularization of the endometrium under the influence of progesterone is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

79. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

80. The structure that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removes waste products is the:
A) Amniotic sac
B) Placenta
C) Umbilical cord
D) Chorion

81. The process by which the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

82. Sperm cells are produced in the:
A) Epididymis
B) Seminal vesicles
C) Vas deferens
D) Testes

**Answer: D) Testes**
Explanation: Sperm cells are produced within the seminiferous tubules of the testes through a process called spermatogenesis

83. The phase of the menstrual cycle during which the uterine lining thickens in preparation for implantation is called the:
A) Follicular phase
B) Ovulatory phase
C) Secretory phase
D) Proliferative phase

84. Which of the following is a function of testosterone in males?
A) Stimulating ovulation
B) Regulating menstrual cycle
C) Development of male secondary sexual characteristics
D) Supporting pregnancy

85. The process by which the uterus contracts to expel its lining during menstruation is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

**Answer: C) Menstruation**
Explanation: Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) that occurs if fertilization and implantation do not occur during the menstrual cycle.

86. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

**Answer: C) Testosterone**
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

87. The process of the thickening and vascularization of the endometrium under the influence of progesterone is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

88. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

**Answer: A) Estrogen**
Explanation: Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

89. The surge in which hormone triggers ovulation in females?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

**Answer: D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)**
Explanation: LH surge triggers ovulation by causing the mature follicle to release the egg from the ovary.

90. The process of the thickening of the endometrium in preparation for implantation is known as:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

91. What is the function of the Cowper’s glands in the male reproductive system?
A) Production of sperm
B) Production of testosterone
C) Secretion of lubricating fluid
D) Secretion of seminal fluid

92. The process of the thickening and vascularization of the endometrium under the influence of progesterone is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Proliferation
D) Secretion

93. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

94. The structure that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removes waste products is the:
A) Amniotic sac
B) Placenta
C) Umbilical cord
D) Chorion

95. The process by which the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

96. Sperm cells are produced in the:
A) Epididymis
B) Seminal vesicles
C) Vas deferens
D) Testes

**Answer: D) Testes**
Explanation: Sperm cells are produced within the seminiferous tubules of the testes through a process called spermatogenesis.

97. The phase of the menstrual cycle during which the uterine lining thickens in preparation for implantation is called the:
A) Follicular phase
B) Ovulatory phase
C) Secretory phase
D) Proliferative phase

98. Which of the following is a function of testosterone in males?
A) Stimulating ovulation
B) Regulating menstrual cycle
C) Development of male secondary sexual characteristics
D) Supporting pregnancy

**Answer: C) Development of male secondary sexual characteristics**
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male

sex hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass.

99. The process by which the uterus contracts to expel its lining during menstruation is called:
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Menstruation
D) Implantation

**Answer: C) Menstruation**
Explanation: Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) that occurs if fertilization and implantation do not occur during the menstrual cycle.

100. Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer: C) Testosterone
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

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