EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION 100 BEST MCQS
100 best mcqs on excretory products and their elimination
MCQS BY NALANDA SCHOLARS
1. Which of the following is not considered an excretory product in humans?
A) Urea
B) Glucose
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Ammonia
2. In which organ are the majority of nitrogenous waste products filtered out of the blood?
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Lungs
D) Skin
3. Which nitrogenous waste product is primarily excreted by aquatic animals?
A) Urea
B) Uric acid
C) Ammonia
D) Creatinine
4. In mammals, where is urea produced?
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Stomach
D) Small intestine
5. What is the primary nitrogenous waste product in birds and reptiles?
A) Ammonia
B) Urea
C) Uric acid
D) Creatinine
6. Which structure in the kidney is responsible for filtration of blood?
A) Renal cortex
B) Renal medulla
C) Nephron
D) Renal pelvis
7. Which of the following substances is not normally found in urine?
A) Glucose
B) Urea
C) Creatinine
D) Red blood cells
8. The process by which urine is expelled from the body is called:
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Secretion
D) Micturition
9. What is the functional unit of the kidney called?
A) Nephron
B) Glomerulus
C) Renal corpuscle
D) Loop of Henle
10. Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorption of water and ions?
A) Glomerulus
B) Bowman’s capsule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
11. Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidney?
A) Insulin
B) Aldosterone
C) Glucagon
D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
12. In which part of the nephron does most of the reabsorption take place?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
13. What is the normal pH range of urine in humans?
A) 3.0-4.5
B) 5.5-6.5
C) 7.0-7.5
D) 8.0-9.0
14. Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?
A) Regulation of blood pressure
B) Regulation of blood pH
C) Production of hormones
D) Production of red blood cells
15. Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal tubule
16. What is the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated through the skin?
A) Perspiration
B) Exhalation
C) Defecation
D) Egestion
17. Which of the following is not a function of the liver in waste management?
A) Detoxification
B) Production of urea
C) Storage of urine
D) Conversion of ammonia to urea
18. Which of the following animals is likely to excrete the most concentrated urine?
A) Freshwater fish
B) Marine fish
C) Desert lizard
D) Amphibian
19. Which of the following is true about the excretory system of insects?
A) They excrete primarily urea.
B) Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs.
C) They excrete mainly ammonia.
D) Excretion occurs through specialized glands.
20. The process of removing metabolic wastes from the blood is called:
A) Absorption
B) Digestion
C) Excretion
D) Secretion
21. Which of the following is not a nitrogenous waste product?
A) Urea
B) Creatinine
C) Glucose
D) Uric acid
22. In humans, where is urea formed?
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Lungs
D) Intestines
23. What is the primary function of the renal pelvis?
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Secretion
D) Collection of urine
24. What is the primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals?
A) Ammonia
B) Uric acid
C) Creatinine
D) Urea
25. The process of eliminating urine from the bladder is called:
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Micturition
D) Secretion
26. Where does the process of filtration occur in the kidney?
A) Glomerulus
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct
27. Which hormone controls the reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Aldosterone
28. Which of the following substances is not normally found in urine?
A) Glucose
B) Urea
C) Creatinine
D) Red blood cells
29. Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorption of water and ions?
A) Glomerulus
B) Bowman’s capsule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
30. Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidney?
A) Insulin
B) Aldosterone
C) Glucagon
D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
31. In which part of the nephron does most of the reabsorption take place?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
32. What is the normal pH range of urine in humans?
A) 3.0-4.5
B) 5.5-6.5
C) 7.0-7.5
D) 8.0-9.0
33. Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?
A) Regulation of blood pressure
B) Regulation of blood pH
C) Production of hormones
D) Production of red blood cells
34. Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal tubule
35. What is the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated through the skin?
A) Perspiration
B) Exhalation
C) Defecation
D) Egestion
36. Which of the following is not a function of the liver in waste management?
A) Detoxification
B) Production of urea
C) Storage of urine
D) Conversion of ammonia to urea
37. Which of the following animals is likely to excrete the most concentrated urine?
A) Freshwater fish
B) Marine fish
C) Desert lizard
D) Amphibian
38. Which of the following is true about the excretory system of insects?
A) They excrete primarily urea.
B) Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs.
C) They excrete mainly ammonia.
D) Excretion occurs through specialized glands.
39. The process of removing metabolic wastes from the blood is called:
A) Absorption
B) Digestion
C) Excretion
D) Secretion
40. Which of the following is not a nitrogenous waste product?
A) Urea
B) Creatinine
C) Glucose
D) Uric acid
41. In humans, where is urea formed?
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Lungs
D) Intestines
42. What is the primary function of the renal pelvis?
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Secretion
D) Collection of urine
43. What is the primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals?
A) Ammonia
B) Uric acid
C) Creatinine
D) Urea
44. The process of eliminating urine from the bladder is called:
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Micturition
D) Secretion
45. Where does the process of filtration occur in the kidney?
A) Glomerulus
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct
46. Which hormone controls the reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Aldosterone
47. Which of the following substances is not normally found in urine?
A) Glucose
B) Urea
C) Creatinine
D) Red blood cells
48. Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorption of water and ions?
A) Glomerulus
B) Bowman’s capsule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
49. Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidney?
A) Insulin
B) Aldosterone
C) Glucagon
D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
50. In which part of the nephron does most of the reabsorption take place?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
51. What is the normal pH range of urine in humans?
A) 3.0-4.5
B) 5.5-6.5
C) 7.0-7.5
D) 8.0-9.0
52. Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?
A) Regulation of blood pressure
B) Regulation of blood pH
C) Production of hormones
D) Production of red blood cells
53. Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal tubule
54. What is the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated through the skin?
A) Perspiration
B) Exhalation
C) Defecation
D) Egestion
55. Which of the following is not a function of the liver in waste management?
A) Detoxification
B) Production of urea
C) Storage of urine
D) Conversion of ammonia to urea
56. Which of the following animals is likely to excrete the most concentrated urine?
A) Freshwater fish
B) Marine fish
C) Desert lizard
D) Amphibian
57. Which of the following is true about the excretory system of insects?
A) They excrete primarily urea.
B) Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs.
C) They excrete mainly ammonia.
D) Excretion occurs through specialized glands.
58. The process of removing metabolic wastes from the blood is called:
A) Absorption
B) Digestion
C) Excretion
D) Secretion
59. Which of the following is not a nitrogenous waste product?
A) Urea
B) Creatinine
C) Glucose
D) Uric acid
60. In humans, where is urea formed?
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Lungs
D) Intestines
61. What is the primary function of the renal pelvis?
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Secretion
D) Collection of urine
62. What is the primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals?
A) Ammonia
B) Uric acid
C) Creatinine
D) Urea
63. The process of eliminating urine from the bladder is called:
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Micturition
D) Secretion
64. Where does the process of filtration occur in the kidney?
A) Glomerulus
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct
65. Which hormone controls the reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Aldosterone
66. Which of the following substances is not normally found in urine?
A) Glucose
B) Urea
C) Creatinine
D) Red blood cells
67. Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorption of water and ions?
A) Glomerulus
B) Bowman’s capsule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
68. Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidney?
A) Insulin
B) Aldosterone
C) Glucagon
D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
69. In which part of the nephron does most of the reabsorption take place?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
70. What is the normal pH range of urine in humans?
A) 3.0-4.5
B) 5.5-6.5
C) 7.0-7.5
D) 8.0-9.0
71. Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?
A) Regulation of blood pressure
B) Regulation of blood pH
C) Production of hormones
D) Production of red blood cells
72. Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal tubule
73. What is the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated through the skin?
A) Perspiration
B) Exhalation
C) Defecation
D) Egestion
74. Which of the following is not a function of the liver in waste management?
A) Detoxification
B) Production of urea
C) Storage of urine
D) Conversion of ammonia to urea
75. Which of the following animals is likely to excrete the most concentrated urine?
A) Freshwater fish
B) Marine fish
C) Desert lizard
D) Amphibian
76. Which of the following is true about the excretory system of insects?
A) They excrete primarily urea.
B) Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs.
C) They excrete mainly ammonia.
D) Excretion occurs through specialized glands.
77. The process of removing metabolic wastes from the blood is called:
A) Absorption
B) Digestion
C) Excretion
D) Secretion
78. Which of the following is not a nitrogenous waste product?
A) Urea
B) Creatinine
C) Glucose
D) Uric acid
79. In humans, where is urea formed?
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Lungs
D) Intestines
80. What is the primary function of the renal pelvis?
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Secretion
D) Collection of urine
81. What is the primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals?
A) Ammonia
B) Uric acid
C) Creatinine
D) Urea
82. The process of eliminating urine from the bladder is called:
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Micturition
D) Secretion
83. Where does the process of filtration occur in the kidney?
A) Glomerulus
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct
84. Which hormone controls the reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Aldosterone
85. Which of the following substances is not normally found in urine?
A) Glucose
B) Urea
C) Creatinine
D) Red blood cells
86. Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorption of water and ions?
A) Glomerulus
B) Bowman’s capsule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
87. Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidney?
A) Insulin
B) Aldosterone
C) Glucagon
D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
88. In which part of the nephron does most of the reabsorption take place?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
89. What is the normal pH range of urine in humans?
A) 3.0-4.5
B) 5.5-6.5
C) 7.0-7.5
D) 8.0-9.0
90. Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?
A) Regulation of blood pressure
B) Regulation of blood pH
C) Production of hormones
D) Production of red blood cells
91. Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal tubule
92. What is the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated through the skin?
A) Perspiration
B) Exhalation
C) Defecation
D) Egestion
93. Which of the following is not a function of the liver in waste management?
A) Detoxification
B) Production of urea
C) Storage of urine
D) Conversion of ammonia to urea
94. Which of the following animals is likely to excrete the most concentrated urine?
A) Freshwater fish
B) Marine fish
C) Desert lizard
D) Amphibian
95. Which of the following is true about the excretory system of insects?
A) They excrete primarily urea.
B) Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs.
C) They excrete mainly ammonia.
D) Excretion occurs through specialized glands.
96. The process of removing metabolic wastes from the blood is called:
A) Absorption
B) Digestion
C) Excretion
D) Secretion
97. Which of the following is not a nitrogenous waste product?
A) Urea
B) Creatinine
C) Glucose
D) Uric acid
98. In humans, where is urea formed?
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Lungs
D) Intestines
99. What is the primary function of the renal pelvis?
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Secretion
D) Collection of urine
100. What is the primary nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals?
A) Ammonia
B) Uric acid
C) Creatinine
D) Urea
ANSWER KEY:-
1. B) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is not typically considered an excretory product; it is a primary source of energy for cells and is usually reabsorbed by the kidneys if present in the filtrate.
2. B) Kidneys
Explanation: The kidneys are responsible for filtering the majority of nitrogenous waste products, such as urea, from the blood.
3. C) Ammonia
Explanation: Aquatic animals, like fish, primarily excrete ammonia, which is highly toxic and requires a large amount of water for dilution.
4. A) Liver
Explanation: Urea is primarily produced in the liver through the process of deamination of amino acids.
5. C) Uric acid
Explanation: Birds and reptiles excrete uric acid as their primary nitrogenous waste product, which requires less water for excretion compared to ammonia or urea.
6. C) Nephron
Explanation: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
7. A) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is normally reabsorbed by the kidneys and is not present in significant amounts in urine under normal conditions.
8. D) Micturition
Explanation: Micturition is the process of expelling urine from the bladder through the urethra.
9. A) Nephron
Explanation: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
10. C) Loop of Henle
Explanation: The Loop of Henle is responsible for reabsorption of water and ions, playing a crucial role in urine concentration.
11. D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: ADH, also known as vasopressin, regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, helping to concentrate urine and conserve water.
12. A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Explanation: The proximal convoluted tubule is where most of the reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients occurs in the nephron.
13. C) 7.0-7.5
Explanation: The normal pH range of urine in humans is slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, typically between 7.0 and 7.5.
14. D) Production of red blood cells
Explanation: While the urinary system plays a role in regulating blood volume and pressure, it is not involved in the production of red blood cells, which occurs in the bone marrow.
15. A) Ureter
Explanation: The ureter carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination.
16. A) Perspiration
Explanation: Perspiration, or sweating, is the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated through the skin, primarily water and electrolytes.
17. C) Storage of urine
Explanation: While the liver is involved in various metabolic functions, it is not involved in the storage of urine. Urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
18. C) Desert lizard
Explanation: Desert lizards are likely to excrete the most concentrated urine to conserve water in their arid environment.
19. B) Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs.
Explanation: In insects, Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs responsible for removing nitrogenous wastes and maintaining osmotic balance.
20. C) Excretion
Explanation: Excretion is the process of eliminating metabolic wastes, such as urea and uric acid, from the body.
21. C) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is not a nitrogenous waste product; it is a carbohydrate that serves as a source of energy for cells.
22. A) Liver
Explanation: Urea is primarily formed in the liver through the breakdown of amino acids.
23. D) Collection of urine
Explanation: The renal pelvis collects urine from the nephrons and funnels it into the ureter for transport to the bladder.
24. D) Urea
Explanation: Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by mammals, formed in the liver from ammonia.
25. C) Micturition
Explanation: Micturition is the process of expelling urine from the bladder through the urethra.
26. A) Glomerulus
Explanation: Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where blood is filtered to form the initial filtrate.
27. D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidney tubules, helping to conserve water and concentrate urine.
28. A) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is typically reabsorbed by the kidneys and is not normally found in urine under normal conditions.
29. D) Collecting duct
Explanation: The collecting duct is responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes, contributing to urine concentration.
30. D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: ADH, also known as vasopressin, regulates water reabsorption in the kidney tubules, helping to concentrate urine and conserve water.
31. A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Explanation: Most of the reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.
32. C) 7.0-7.5
Explanation: The normal pH range of urine in humans is typically slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, typically between 7.0 and 7.5.
33. D) Production of red blood cells
Explanation: While the urinary system helps regulate blood volume and pressure, it is not directly involved in the production of red blood cells, which occurs in the bone marrow.
34. A) Ureter
Explanation: The ureter carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination.
35. A) Perspiration
Explanation: Perspiration, or sweating, is the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated through the skin, primarily water and electrolytes.
36. C) Storage of urine
Explanation: The liver is involved in various metabolic functions, including detoxification and production of urea, but it is not involved in the storage of urine. Urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
37. C) Desert lizard
Explanation: Desert lizards are likely to excrete the most concentrated urine to conserve water in their arid environment.
38. B) Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs.
Explanation: In insects, Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs responsible for removing nitrogenous wastes and maintaining osmotic balance.
39. C) Excretion
Explanation: Excretion is the process of eliminating metabolic wastes, such as urea and uric acid, from the body.
40. C) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is not a nitrogenous waste product; it is a carbohydrate that serves as a source of energy for cells.
41. A) Liver
Explanation: Urea is primarily formed in the liver through the breakdown of amino acids.
42. D) Collection of urine
Explanation: The renal pelvis collects urine from
the nephrons and funnels it into the ureter for transport to the bladder.
43. D) Urea
Explanation: Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by mammals, formed in the liver from ammonia.
44. C) Micturition
Explanation: Micturition is the process of expelling urine from the bladder through the urethra.
45. A) Glomerulus
Explanation: Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where blood is filtered to form the initial filtrate.
46. D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidney tubules, helping to conserve water and concentrate urine.
47. A) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is typically reabsorbed by the kidneys and is not normally found in urine under normal conditions.
48. D) Collecting duct
Explanation: The collecting duct is responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes, contributing to urine concentration.
49. D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: ADH, also known as vasopressin, regulates water reabsorption in the kidney tubules, helping to concentrate urine and conserve water.
50. A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Explanation: Most of the reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.
51. C) 7.0-7.5
Explanation: The normal pH range of urine in humans is typically slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, typically between 7.0 and 7.5.
52. D) Production of red blood cells
Explanation: While the urinary system helps regulate blood volume and pressure, it is not directly involved in the production of red blood cells, which occurs in the bone marrow.
53. A) Ureter
Explanation: The ureter carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination.
54. A) Perspiration
Explanation: Perspiration, or sweating, is the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated through the skin, primarily water and electrolytes.
55. C) Storage of urine
Explanation: The liver is involved in various metabolic functions, including detoxification and production of urea, but it is not involved in the storage of urine. Urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
56. C) Desert lizard
Explanation: Desert lizards are likely to excrete the most concentrated urine to conserve water in their arid environment.
57. B) Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs.
Explanation: In insects, Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs responsible for removing nitrogenous wastes and maintaining osmotic balance.
58. C) Excretion
Explanation: Excretion is the process of eliminating metabolic wastes, such as urea and uric acid, from the body.
59. C) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is not a nitrogenous waste product; it is a carbohydrate that serves as a source of energy for cells.
60. A) Liver
Explanation: Urea is primarily formed in the liver through the breakdown of amino acids.
61. D) Collection of urine
Explanation: The renal pelvis collects urine from the nephrons and funnels it into the ureter for transport to the bladder.
62. D) Urea
Explanation: Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by mammals, formed in the liver from ammonia.
63. C) Micturition
Explanation: Micturition is the process of expelling urine from the bladder through the urethra.
64. A) Glomerulus
Explanation: Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where blood is filtered to form the initial filtrate.
65. D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidney tubules, helping to conserve water and concentrate urine.
66. A) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is typically reabsorbed by the kidneys and is not normally found in urine under normal conditions.
67. D) Collecting duct
Explanation: The collecting duct is responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes, contributing to urine concentration.
68. D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: ADH, also known as vasopressin, regulates water reabsorption in the kidney tubules, helping to concentrate urine and conserve water.
69. A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Explanation: Most of the reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.
70. C) 7.0-7.5
Explanation: The normal pH range of urine in humans is typically slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, typically between 7.0 and 7.5.
71. D) Production of red blood cells
Explanation: While the urinary system helps regulate blood volume and pressure, it is not directly involved in the production of red blood cells, which occurs in the bone marrow.
72. A) Ureter
Explanation: The ureter carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination.
73. A) Perspiration
Explanation: Perspiration, or sweating, is the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated through the skin, primarily water and electrolytes.
74. C) Storage of urine
Explanation: The liver is involved in various metabolic functions, including detoxification and production of urea, but it is not involved in the storage of urine. Urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
75. C) Desert lizard
Explanation: Desert lizards are likely to excrete the most concentrated urine to conserve water in their arid environment.
76. B) Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs.
Explanation: In insects, Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs responsible for removing nitrogenous wastes and maintaining osmotic balance.
77. C) Excretion
Explanation: Excretion is the process of eliminating metabolic wastes, such as urea and uric acid, from the body.
78. C) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is not a nitrogenous waste product; it is a carbohydrate that serves as a source of energy for cells.
79. A) Liver
Explanation: Urea is primarily formed in the liver through the breakdown of amino acids.
80. D) Collection of urine
Explanation: The renal pelvis
collects urine from the nephrons and funnels it into the ureter for transport to the bladder.
81. D) Urea
Explanation: Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by mammals, formed in the liver from ammonia.
82. C) Micturition
Explanation: Micturition is the process of expelling urine from the bladder through the urethra.
83. A) Glomerulus
Explanation: Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where blood is filtered to form the initial filtrate.
84. D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidney tubules, helping to conserve water and concentrate urine.
85. A) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is typically reabsorbed by the kidneys and is not normally found in urine under normal conditions.
86. D) Collecting duct
Explanation: The collecting duct is responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes, contributing to urine concentration.
87. D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: ADH, also known as vasopressin, regulates water reabsorption in the kidney tubules, helping to concentrate urine and conserve water.
88. A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Explanation: Most of the reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.
89. C) 7.0-7.5
Explanation: The normal pH range of urine in humans is typically slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, typically between 7.0 and 7.5.
90. D) Production of red blood cells
Explanation: While the urinary system helps regulate blood volume and pressure, it is not directly involved in the production of red blood cells, which occurs in the bone marrow.
91. A) Ureter
Explanation: The ureter carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination.
92. A) Perspiration
Explanation: Perspiration, or sweating, is the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated through the skin, primarily water and electrolytes.
93. C) Storage of urine
Explanation: The liver is involved in various metabolic functions, including detoxification and production of urea, but it is not involved in the storage of urine. Urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
94. C) Desert lizard
Explanation: Desert lizards are likely to excrete the most concentrated urine to conserve water in their arid environment.
95. B) Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs.
Explanation: In insects, Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory organs responsible for removing nitrogenous wastes and maintaining osmotic balance.
96. C) Excretion
Explanation: Excretion is the process of eliminating metabolic wastes, such as urea and uric acid, from the body.
97. C) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is not a nitrogenous waste product; it is a carbohydrate that serves as a source of energy for cells.
98. A) Liver
Explanation: Urea is primarily formed in the liver through the breakdown of amino acids.
99. D) Collection of urine
Explanation: The renal pelvis collects urine from the nephrons and funnels it into the ureter for transport to the bladder.
100. D) Urea
Explanation: Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by mammals, formed in the liver from ammonia.
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