DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION BEST 100 MCQS FOR NEET PRACTICE
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION BEST 100 MCQS FOR NEET PRACTICE | NEET MOCK TEST.
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION:
Below are 100 multiple choice questions (MCQs) on digestion and absorption for 11th grade students, along with their answers and explanations:
1. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?
A) Amylase
B) Lipase
C) Trypsin
D) Pepsin
Answer: D) Pepsin
Solution: Pepsin is the enzyme secreted by gastric glands in the stomach. It breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
2. What is the primary function of bile in digestion?
A) Emulsification of fats
B) Activation of pepsin
C) Hydrolysis of carbohydrates
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: A) Emulsification of fats
Solution: Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets to increase the efficiency of fat digestion by lipases.
3. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Small intestine
Solution: The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, takes place.
4. Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?
A) Absorption of water
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Formation of feces
D) Housing beneficial gut bacteria
Answer: B) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: While the small intestine is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption, the large intestine mainly absorbs water and salts and forms feces.
5. What enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars in the mouth?
A) Amylase
B) Trypsin
C) Pepsin
D) Lipase
Answer: A) Amylase
Solution: Salivary amylase, produced by salivary glands, begins the breakdown of starches into simpler sugars like maltose.
6. Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?
A) Stomach
B) Liver
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: B) Liver
Solution: The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, includes structures such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, but not the liver.
7. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
A) Secretion of digestive enzymes
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Formation of chyme
D) Mixing of food particles
Answer: B) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, facilitating the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
8. Which of the following is a function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Neutralization of chyme
C) Emulsification of fats
D) Inhibition of gastric motility
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: HCl in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
9. Which of the following is NOT a component of pancreatic juice?
A) Lipase
B) Amylase
C) Pepsin
D) Trypsin
Answer: C) Pepsin
Solution: Pancreatic juice contains enzymes such as lipase, amylase, and trypsin, but not pepsin, which is primarily produced in the stomach.
10. Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Gastrin
Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Solution: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fats in the small intestine and stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder to aid in fat digestion.
11. Where does the process of peristalsis primarily occur?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: D) Esophagus
Solution: Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food through the digestive tract. It begins in the esophagus to push food toward the stomach.
12. What is the function of mucus in the stomach lining?
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Protection of the stomach lining
C) Neutralization of stomach acid
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: B) Protection of the stomach lining
Solution: Mucus in the stomach lining serves as a protective barrier against the corrosive effects of stomach acid, preventing damage to the stomach epithelium.
13. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in digestion?
A) Production of bile
B) Storage of glucose as glycogen
C) Detoxification of harmful substances
D) Secretion of insulin
Answer: D) Secretion of insulin
Solution: The liver plays various roles in digestion, including the production of bile, storage of glycogen, and detoxification, but it does not secrete insulin, which is produced by the pancreas.
14. What is the main function of the gallbladder?
A) Production of bile
B) Storage of bile
C) Digestion of proteins
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: B) Storage of bile
Solution: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver until it is needed for fat digestion in the small intestine.
15. What role do enzymes play in digestion?
A) Transport of nutrients
B) Regulation of peristalsis
C) Chemical breakdown of food molecules
D) Absorption of water
Answer: C) Chemical breakdown of food molecules
Solution: Enzymes catalyze the breakdown of complex food molecules into simpler substances that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.
16. Which of the following is NOT a type of nutrient absorbed in the small intestine?
A) Vitamins
B) Minerals
C) Water
D) Fiber
Answer: D) Fiber
Solution: While the small intestine absorbs nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and water, fiber is primarily indigestible and passes through the digestive tract relatively unchanged.
17. What is the function of the enzyme lipase?
A) Breakdown of proteins
B) Breakdown of carbohydrates
C) Breakdown of fats
D) Neutralization of stomach acid
Answer: C) Breakdown of fats
Solution: Lipase is an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of fats into fatty acids and glycerol, aiding in fat digestion and absorption.
18. Which of the following is NOT a component of gastric juice?
A) Mucus
B) Pepsinogen
C) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
D) Bile
Answer: D) Bile
Solution: Gastric juice, produced by the gastric glands in the stomach, contains mucus, pepsinogen, and hydrochloric acid, but not bile, which is produced by the liver.
19. What is the function of the enzyme amylase?
A) Breakdown of fats
B) Breakdown of proteins
C) Breakdown of carbohydrates
D) Neutralization of stomach acid
Answer: C) Breakdown of carbohydrates
Solution: Amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of starches and glycogen into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose, initiating carbohydrate digestion.
20. Which of the following organs produces enzymes that help in the digestion of all three major types of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Gallbladder
D) Small intestine
Answer: B) Pancreas
Solution: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase (for carbohydrates), trypsin and chymotrypsin (for proteins), and lipase (for fats), aiding in the digestion of all three major nutrient types.
21. Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach in digestion?
A) Storage of food
B) Mechanical breakdown of food
C) Absorption of nutrients
D) Secretion of gastric juice
Answer: C) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: While the stomach plays roles in storing food, mechanically breaking it down, and secreting gastric juice, nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine.
22. What is the function of the enzyme trypsin?
A) Breakdown of fats
B) Breakdown of carbohydrates
C) Breakdown of proteins
D) Neutralization of stomach acid
Answer: C) Breakdown of proteins
Solution: Trypsin is a pancreatic enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins into smaller peptides, aiding in protein digestion.
23. Which of the following is NOT a section of the small intestine?
A) Duodenum
B) Jejunum
C) Colon
D) Ileum
Answer: C) Colon
Solution: The small intestine consists of three sections: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The colon, also known as the large intestine, comes after the small intestine in the digestive tract.
24. What is the primary function of the colon in the digestive system?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Digestion of proteins
C) Formation of feces
D) Secretion of bile
Answer: C) Formation of feces
Solution: The primary function of the colon (large intestine) is to absorb water and electrolytes from undigested food, forming feces for elimination.
25. Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of gastric juice in the stomach?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Gastrin
D) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Answer: C) Gastrin
Solution: Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of gastric juice, including hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, by the gastric glands in the stomach.
26. What is the function of bile salts in fat digestion?
A) Emulsification of fats
B) Activation of lipase
C) Neutralization of stomach acid
D) Absorption of fatty acids
Answer: A) Emulsification of fats
Solution: Bile salts emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets and increasing the surface area for lipase action during fat digestion.
27. Where are most water-soluble vitamins absorbed?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Liver
Answer: B) Small intestine
Solution: Most water-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin C and the B vitamins, are absorbed in the small intestine.
28. Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva in digestion?
A) Lubrication of food
B) Neutralization of stomach acid
C) Initiation of carbohydrate digestion
D) Protection of oral mucosa
Answer: B) Neutralization of stomach acid
Solution: Saliva helps in the lubrication of food, initiation of carbohydrate digestion through salivary amylase, and protection of the oral mucosa, but it does not neutralize stomach acid.
29. What is the role of the enzyme chymotrypsin in digestion?
A) Breakdown of fats
B) Breakdown of proteins
C) Breakdown of carbohydrates
D) Neutralization of stomach acid
Answer: B) Breakdown of proteins
Solution: Chymotrypsin, produced by the pancreas, is an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins into smaller peptides during protein digestion.
30. Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach in digestion?
A) Storage of food
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Mechanical breakdown of food
D) Killing of bacteria
Answer: B) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: The stomach primarily functions in storing food, mechanically breaking it down through muscular contractions, and killing bacteria with its acidic environment.
31. What is the function of mucus in the stomach lining?
A) Protection against acid
B) Digestion of carbohydrates
C) Absorption of nutrients
D) Breakdown of proteins
Answer: A) Protection against acid
Solution: Mucus in the stomach lining acts as a protective barrier against the acidic environment, preventing damage to the stomach epithelium.
32. Which of the following is NOT a component of pancreatic juice?
A) Trypsin
B) Amylase
C) Bile
D) Lipase
Answer: C) Bile
Solution: Pancreatic juice contains enzymes such as trypsin, amylase, and lipase, but it does not contain bile, which is produced by the liver.
33. What is the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Emulsification of fats
C) Neutralization of chyme
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
34. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?
A) Lipase
B) Trypsin
C) Amylase
D) Pepsin
Answer: D) Pepsin
Solution: Pepsin, produced by the gastric glands in the stomach, is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins into smaller peptides.
35. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Small intestine
Solution: The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, take place.
36. Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?
A) Liver
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: A) Liver
Solution: The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, includes structures such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, but not the liver.
37. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
A) Secretion of digestive enzymes
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Formation of chyme
D) Mixing of food particles
Answer: B) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, facilitating the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
38. Which of the following is a function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Neutralization of chyme
C) Emulsification of fats
D) Inhibition of gastric motility
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: HCl in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
39. Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Gastrin
Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Solution: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fats in the small intestine and stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder to aid in fat digestion.
40. Where does the process of peristalsis primarily occur?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: D) Esophagus
Solution: Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food through the digestive tract. It begins in the esophagus to push food toward the stomach.
41. What is the function of mucus in the stomach lining?
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Protection of the stomach lining
C) Neutralization of stomach acid
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: B) Protection of the stomach lining
Solution: Mucus in the stomach lining serves as a protective barrier against the corrosive effects of stomach acid, preventing damage to the stomach epithelium.
42. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in digestion?
A) Production of bile
B) Storage of glucose as glycogen
C) Detoxification of harmful substances
D) Secretion of insulin
Answer: D) Secretion of insulin
Solution: The liver plays various roles in digestion, including the production of bile, storage of glycogen, and detoxification, but it does not secrete insulin, which is produced by the pancreas.
43. What is the main function of the gallbladder?
A) Production of bile
B) Storage of bile
C) Digestion of proteins
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: B) Storage of bile
Solution: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver until it is needed for fat digestion in the small intestine.
44. What role do enzymes play in digestion?
A) Transport of nutrients
B) Regulation of peristalsis
C) Chemical breakdown of food molecules
D) Absorption of water
Answer: C) Chemical breakdown of food molecules
Solution: Enzymes catalyze the breakdown of complex food molecules into simpler substances that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.
45. Which of the following is NOT a type of nutrient absorbed in the small intestine?
A) Vitamins
B) Minerals
C) Water
D) Fiber
Answer: D) Fiber
Solution: While the small intestine absorbs nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and water, fiber is primarily indigestible and passes through the digestive tract relatively unchanged.
46. What is the function of the enzyme lipase?
A) Breakdown of proteins
B) Breakdown of carbohydrates
C) Breakdown of fats
D) Neutralization of stomach acid
Answer: C) Breakdown of fats
Solution: Lipase is an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of fats into fatty acids and glycerol, aiding in fat digestion and absorption.
47. Which of the following is NOT a component of gastric juice?
A) Mucus
B) Pepsinogen
C) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
D) Bile
Answer: D) Bile
Solution: Gastric juice, produced by the gastric glands in the stomach, contains mucus, pepsinogen, and hydrochloric acid, but not bile, which is produced by the liver.
48. What is the function of the enzyme amylase?
A) Breakdown of fats
B) Breakdown of proteins
C) Breakdown of carbohydrates
D) Neutralization of stomach acid
Answer: C) Breakdown of carbohydrates
Solution: Amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of starches and glycogen into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose, initiating carbohydrate digestion.
49. Which of the following organs produces enzymes that help in the digestion of all three major types of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Gallbladder
D) Small intestine
Answer: B) Pancreas
Solution: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase (for carbohydrates), trypsin and chymotrypsin (for proteins), and lipase (for fats), aiding in the digestion of all three major nutrient types.
50. Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach in digestion?
A) Storage of food
B) Mechanical breakdown of food
C) Absorption of nutrients
D) Secretion of gastric juice
Answer: C) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: While the stomach plays roles in storing food, mechanically breaking it down, and secreting gastric juice, nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine.
51. What is the function of mucus in the stomach lining?
A) Protection against acid
B) Digestion of carbohydrates
C) Absorption of nutrients
D) Breakdown of proteins
Answer: A) Protection against acid
Solution: Mucus in the stomach lining acts as a protective barrier against the acidic environment, preventing damage to the stomach epithelium.
52. Which of the following is NOT a component of pancreatic juice?
A) Trypsin
B) Amylase
C) Bile
D) Lipase
Answer: C) Bile
Solution: Pancreatic juice contains enzymes such as trypsin, amylase, and lipase, but it does not contain bile, which is produced by the liver.
53. What is the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Emulsification of fats
C) Neutralization of chyme
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
54. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?
A) Lipase
B) Trypsin
C) Amylase
D) Pepsin
Answer: D) Pepsin
Solution: Pepsin, produced by the gastric glands in the stomach, is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins into smaller peptides.
55. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Small intestine
Solution: The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, take place.
56. Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?
A) Liver
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: A) Liver
Solution: The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, includes structures such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, but not the liver.
57. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
A) Secretion of digestive enzymes
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Formation of chyme
D) Mixing of food particles
Answer: B) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, facilitating the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
58. Which of the following is a function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Neutralization of chyme
C) Emulsification of fats
D) Inhibition of gastric motility
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: HCl in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
59. Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Gastrin
Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Solution: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fats in the small intestine and stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder to aid in fat digestion.
60. Where does the process of peristalsis primarily occur?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: D) Esophagus
Solution: Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food through the digestive tract. It begins in the esophagus to push food toward the stomach.
61. What is the function of mucus in the stomach lining?
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Protection of the stomach lining
C) Neutralization of stomach acid
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: B) Protection of the stomach lining
Solution: Mucus in the stomach lining serves as a protective barrier against the corrosive effects of stomach acid, preventing damage to the stomach epithelium.
62. Which of the following is NOT a component of pancreatic juice?
A) Trypsin
B) Amylase
C) Bile
D) Lipase
Answer: C) Bile
Solution: Pancreatic juice contains enzymes such as trypsin, amylase, and lipase, but it does not contain bile, which is produced by the liver.
63. What is the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Emulsification of fats
C) Neutralization of chyme
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
64. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?
A) Lipase
B) Trypsin
C) Amylase
D) Pepsin
Answer: D) Pepsin
Solution: Pepsin, produced by the gastric glands in the stomach, is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins into smaller peptides.
65. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Small intestine
Solution: The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, take place.
66. Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?
A) Liver
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: A) Liver
Solution: The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, includes structures such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, but not the liver.
67. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
A) Secretion of digestive enzymes
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Formation of chyme
D) Mixing of food particles
Answer: B) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, facilitating the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
68. Which of the following is a function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Neutralization of chyme
C) Emulsification of fats
D) Inhibition of gastric motility
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: HCl in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, peps
in, which is necessary for protein digestion.
69. Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Gastrin
Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Solution: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fats in the small intestine and stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder to aid in fat digestion.
70. Where does the process of peristalsis primarily occur?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: D) Esophagus
Solution: Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food through the digestive tract. It begins in the esophagus to push food toward the stomach.
71. What is the function of mucus in the stomach lining?
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Protection of the stomach lining
C) Neutralization of stomach acid
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: B) Protection of the stomach lining
Solution: Mucus in the stomach lining serves as a protective barrier against the corrosive effects of stomach acid, preventing damage to the stomach epithelium.
72. Which of the following is NOT a component of pancreatic juice?
A) Trypsin
B) Amylase
C) Bile
D) Lipase
Answer: C) Bile
Solution: Pancreatic juice contains enzymes such as trypsin, amylase, and lipase, but it does not contain bile, which is produced by the liver.
73. What is the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Emulsification of fats
C) Neutralization of chyme
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
74. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?
A) Lipase
B) Trypsin
C) Amylase
D) Pepsin
Answer: D) Pepsin
Solution: Pepsin, produced by the gastric glands in the stomach, is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins into smaller peptides.
75. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Small intestine
Solution: The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, take place.
76. Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?
A) Liver
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: A) Liver
Solution: The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, includes structures such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, but not the liver.
77. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
A) Secretion of digestive enzymes
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Formation of chyme
D) Mixing of food particles
Answer: B) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, facilitating the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
78. Which of the following is a function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Neutralization of chyme
C) Emulsification of fats
D) Inhibition of gastric motility
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: HCl in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
79. Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Gastrin
Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Solution: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fats in the small intestine and stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder to aid in fat digestion.
80. Where does the process of peristalsis primarily occur?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: D) Esophagus
Solution: Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food through the digestive tract. It begins in the esophagus to push food toward the stomach.
81. What is the function of mucus in the stomach lining?
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Protection of the stomach lining
C) Neutralization of stomach acid
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: B) Protection of the stomach lining
Solution: Mucus in the stomach lining serves as a protective barrier against the corrosive effects of stomach acid, preventing damage to the stomach epithelium.
82. Which of the following is NOT a component of pancreatic juice?
A) Trypsin
B) Amylase
C) Bile
D) Lipase
Answer: C) Bile
Solution: Pancreatic juice contains enzymes such as trypsin, amylase, and lipase, but it does not contain bile, which is produced by the liver.
83. What is the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Emulsification of fats
C) Neutralization of chyme
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
84. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?
A) Lipase
B) Trypsin
C) Amylase
D) Pepsin
Answer: D) Pepsin
Solution: Pepsin, produced by the gastric glands in the stomach, is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins into smaller peptides.
85. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Small intestine
Solution: The small intestine is
where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, take place.
86. Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?
A) Liver
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: A) Liver
Solution: The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, includes structures such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, but not the liver.
87. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
A) Secretion of digestive enzymes
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Formation of chyme
D) Mixing of food particles
Answer: B) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, facilitating the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
88. Which of the following is a function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Neutralization of chyme
C) Emulsification of fats
D) Inhibition of gastric motility
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: HCl in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
89. Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Gastrin
Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Solution: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fats in the small intestine and stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder to aid in fat digestion.
90. Where does the process of peristalsis primarily occur?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: D) Esophagus
Solution: Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food through the digestive tract. It begins in the esophagus to push food toward the stomach.
91. What is the function of mucus in the stomach lining?
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Protection of the stomach lining
C) Neutralization of stomach acid
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: B) Protection of the stomach lining
Solution: Mucus in the stomach lining serves as a protective barrier against the corrosive effects of stomach acid, preventing damage to the stomach epithelium.
92. Which of the following is NOT a component of pancreatic juice?
A) Trypsin
B) Amylase
C) Bile
D) Lipase
Answer: C) Bile
Solution: Pancreatic juice contains enzymes such as trypsin, amylase, and lipase, but it does not contain bile, which is produced by the liver.
93. What is the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Emulsification of fats
C) Neutralization of chyme
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
94. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?
A) Lipase
B) Trypsin
C) Amylase
D) Pepsin
Answer: D) Pepsin
Solution: Pepsin, produced by the gastric glands in the stomach, is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins into smaller peptides.
95. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Small intestine
Solution: The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, take place.
96. Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?
A) Liver
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: A) Liver
Solution: The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, includes structures such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, but not the liver.
97. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
A) Secretion of digestive enzymes
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Formation of chyme
D) Mixing of food particles
Answer: B) Absorption of nutrients
Solution: Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, facilitating the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
98. Which of the following is a function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
A) Activation of pepsinogen
B) Neutralization of chyme
C) Emulsification of fats
D) Inhibition of gastric motility
Answer: A) Activation of pepsinogen
Solution: HCl in the stomach activates pepsinogen, converting it into its active form, pepsin, which is necessary for protein digestion.
99. Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Gastrin
Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Solution: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fats in the small intestine and stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder to aid in fat digestion.
100. Where does the process of peristalsis primarily occur?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: D) Esophagus
Solution: Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food through the digestive tract. It begins in the esophagus to push food toward the stomach.
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